Overview
Gastritis refers to the inflammation of the stomach lining, a condition that can occur suddenly (acute gastritis) or develop gradually over time (chronic gastritis). This inflammation is often caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or excessive alcohol consumption. While gastritis itself is usually not severe and can improve with treatment, it can lead to complications such as ulcers and, in rare cases, an increased risk of stomach cancer.
Types of Gastritis
- Acute Gastritis: This type develops suddenly and is often caused by NSAIDs, alcohol, or infections.
- Chronic Gastritis: Characterized by long-term inflammation, chronic gastritis may result from H. pylori infection or autoimmune conditions.
Causes of Gastritis
- H. pylori Infection: Most common cause, leading to both acute and chronic gastritis.
- NSAIDs: Prolonged use of drugs like aspirin and ibuprofen can irritate the stomach lining.
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Alcohol can directly irritate the stomach lining, leading to inflammation.
Risk Factors of Gastritis
- H. pylori Infection: Increases the risk significantly.
- Regular NSAID Use: Long-term usage increases susceptibility.
- Age: Older adults are more prone to developing gastritis.
- Alcohol Abuse: Heavy alcohol consumption contributes to higher risk.
Symptoms of Gastritis
1. Abdominal Pain: Burning or gnawing pain in the upper abdomen.
2. Nausea and vomiting: Common symptoms, especially after eating.
3. Bloating: Feeling of fullness in the abdomen.
4. Loss of Appetite: Reduced desire to eat due to discomfort.
5. Indigestion: Persistent discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen.
Preventions of Gastritis
- Limit Alcohol Consumption: Moderation is key to preventing alcohol-related gastritis.
- Avoid NSAIDs: Use alternatives or take them with food to minimize stomach irritation.
- Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet can help maintain a healthy stomach lining.
Diagnosis of Gastritis
- Physical Examination: Includes assessing symptoms and medical history.
- Blood Tests: Checking for H. pylori antibodies or anemia.
- Endoscopy: Direct visualization of the stomach lining.
- Biopsy: Tissue sample collection for laboratory analysis.
Treatment for Gastritis
- Medications: Antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce stomach acid.
- Lifestyle Changes: Avoiding triggers like alcohol and NSAIDs.
- Dietary Adjustments: Eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding spicy or acidic foods.
When to seek medical attention ?
- Persistent Symptoms: If symptoms like abdominal pain or nausea persist for more than a few days.
- Severe Symptoms: Vomiting blood, black stools, or significant weight loss.