Overview
A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a rare form of cancer originating from specialized nerve cells within the digestive tract. Most commonly found in the stomach and small intestine, GISTs can vary widely in size and aggressiveness.
Types of Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
- Gastric GIST: Originates in the stomach lining, often asymptomatic in early stages.
- Small Intestinal GIST: Develops in the small intestine, more likely to cause symptoms as it grows.
- Extra-gastrointestinal GIST: Occurs outside the digestive tract, such as in the mesentery or omentum.
Causes of Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
- Genetic Mutations: Mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA genes are primary causes.
- Sporadic Mutations: Some GISTs occur without a clear genetic predisposition.
Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
- Age: Most common in adults aged 50-70.
- Gender: Slight male predominance.
- Family History: Genetic syndromes like neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) may increase risk.
Symptoms of Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
1. Abdominal Pain: Persistent discomfort or pain in the abdomen.
2. Bleeding: Gastrointestinal bleeding, sometimes leading to anemia.
3. Palpable Mass: Feeling a lump or mass in the abdomen.
4. Nausea and vomiting: Especially after eating.
Preventions of Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
While specific preventive measures for GIST are not established, regular health check-ups and awareness of symptoms can aid in early detection.
Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
- Imaging Studies: CT scan, MRI to visualize tumors.
- Biopsy: Tissue sample for definitive diagnosis.
- Genetic Testing: Identifying mutations in KIT or PDGFRA genes.
Treatment for Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
- Surgery: Primary treatment to remove localized tumors.
- Targeted Therapy: Drugs like imatinib to inhibit specific cancer-causing proteins.
- Radiation Therapy: Sometimes used to shrink tumors or relieve symptoms.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical advice if experiencing persistent abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or noticeable changes in bowel habits.
