Overview
Genital warts are among the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. They are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a group of viruses that affect the moist tissues of the genital area. HPV is extremely common, with nearly all sexually active individuals becoming infected with at least one type at some point in their lives.
Types of Genital warts
- Low-Risk HPV (Types 6 and 11): These types are responsible for causing genital warts. They are generally benign and do not lead to cancer.
- High-Risk HPV (Types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, and others): These types can lead to cervical, anal, oropharyngeal, and other cancers if left untreated.
Causes of Genital warts
Genital warts are primarily caused by HPV, which spreads through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex. The virus can enter the body through microscopic tears in the skin and mucous membranes.
Risk Factors of Genital warts
- Sexual Activity: Engaging in unprotected sex or having multiple sexual partners increases the risk.
- Weakened Immune System: Individuals with compromised immune systems (e.g., due to HIV/AIDS, organ transplant, or certain medications) are more susceptible.
- Age: Young adults and adolescents are at higher risk due to increased sexual activity.
Symptoms of Genital warts
Genital warts may appear as:1. Small, flesh-colored bumps.
2. Clusters that resemble cauliflower.
3. Itching or discomfort in the genital area.
4. Bleeding during sexual intercourse.
Preventions of Genital warts
- HPV Vaccination: Vaccines like Gardasil and Cervarix can protect against the most common HPV types that cause genital warts and cancers.
- Safer Sexual Practices: Use condoms consistently and correctly, and limit the number of sexual partners.
- Regular Screening: Pap tests and HPV tests for women can detect early signs of HPV-related cancers.
Diagnosis of Genital warts
- Visual Inspection: Healthcare providers can often diagnose genital warts by examining the genital area.
- Acetic Acid Application: Applying vinegar (acetic acid) to the genital area can make warts more visible.
- Biopsy: In rare cases, a tissue sample may be taken and examined under a microscope.
Treatment for Genital warts
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Topical Medications:
- Imiquimod (Aldara): Boosts the immune response to help the body fight the virus.
- Podophyllin and Podofilox (Condylox): Chemical solutions that destroy genital wart tissue.
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Surgical Procedures:
- Cryotherapy: Freezing warts off with liquid nitrogen.
- Electrocautery: Burning warts off using an electric current.
- Surgical Excision: Cutting out warts under local anesthesia.
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Monitoring and Follow-Up: Regular check-ups to monitor for recurrence or cancerous changes.
When to seek medical attention ?
- If you notice any unusual bumps or growths in the genital area, especially if they are painful, bleeding, or changing in appearance.
- For individuals with a weakened immune system or a history of HPV-related cancers, regular medical follow-ups are crucial.
