Overview
Gingivitis is a prevalent and mild form of gum disease characterized by inflammation, redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gingiva, the part of the gum around the base of the teeth. It is essential to address gingivitis promptly as it can progress to a more severe condition known as periodontitis, which can lead to tooth loss.
Types of Gingivitis
- Dental Plaque-Induced Gingivitis: Caused by inadequate oral hygiene leading to the buildup of plaque.
- Non-plaque-Induced Gingival Lesions: Result from factors other than dental plaque, such as systemic conditions or medications.
Causes of Gingivitis
- Poor Oral Hygiene: Failure to brush and floss adequately.
- Plaque Buildup: Accumulation of bacteria on teeth.
- Smoking and Tobacco Use: Increases the risk of gum disease.
- Certain Medications: Some medications reduce saliva flow, contributing to gingivitis.
- Genetic Predisposition: Some individuals are more susceptible to gum disease due to genetic factors.
Risk Factors of Gingivitis
- Smoking or Tobacco Use
- Older Age
- Poor Nutrition
- Certain Medications
- Conditions that Lower Immunity.
Symptoms of Gingivitis
1. Swollen Gums: Gums appear swollen and tender.
2. Red Gums: Gums may be redder than usual.
3. Bleeding Gums: Especially noticeable during brushing or flossing.
4. Bad Breath: Persistent bad taste or bad breath.
5. Receding Gums: Gums may recede from the teeth.
Preventions of Gingivitis
- Good Oral Hygiene: Brushing twice daily and flossing regularly.
- Regular Dental Visits: Professional cleanings and check-ups.
- Healthy Diet: Balanced diet low in sugar and high in nutrients.
Diagnosis of Gingivitis
- Physical Examination: Check for signs of inflammation and plaque buildup.
- Dental X-rays: To assess bone loss.
- Microbial Testing: Identifying specific bacteria causing the infection.
Treatment for Gingivitis
- Improved Oral Hygiene: Brushing and flossing techniques.
- Professional Cleaning: Scaling and root planing.
- Medications: Antibacterial mouth rinses or antibiotics.
- Lifestyle Changes: Quitting smoking or adjusting medications.
When to seek medical attention ?
- Persistent Symptoms: If symptoms of gingivitis persist despite improved oral hygiene.
- Changes in Gum Appearance: Receding gums or changes in gum color.
