Overview
Glioblastoma, a highly aggressive form of brain cancer, originates from astrocytes, which are cells supporting nerve cells in the brain or spinal cord. It is characterized by rapid growth and infiltration into healthy brain tissue, making treatment challenging and prognosis generally poor.
Types of Glioblastoma
- Primary Glioblastoma: This type develops rapidly without evidence of a less malignant precursor.
- Secondary Glioblastoma: This type progresses from a lower-grade glioma over time and is less common than primary glioblastoma.
Causes of Glioblastoma
- Genetic Mutations: Alterations in genes such as EGFR, PTEN, and TP53 contribute to the development of glioblastoma.
- Exposure to Radiation: Previous radiation therapy to the brain increases the risk.
- Family History: In rare cases, genetic syndromes such as neurofibromatosis or Li-Fraumeni syndrome predispose individuals to glioblastoma.
Risk Factors of Glioblastoma
- Age: Glioblastoma can occur at any age but is more common in older adults.
- Gender: Men are more likely to develop glioblastoma than women.
- Race: Caucasians are at a slightly higher risk compared to other racial groups.
Symptoms of Glioblastoma
1. Headaches: Persistent and worsening headaches are a common early symptom.
2. Nausea and vomiting: Often accompanying headaches, especially in the morning.
3. Vision Problems: Blurred or double vision.
4. Neurological Symptoms: Weakness, numbness, or difficulty in movement.
5. Seizures: Particularly in individuals without a history of seizures.
Preventions of Glioblastoma
Currently, there are no known preventive measures for glioblastoma. Avoiding known risk factors like excessive radiation exposure is advisable.
Diagnosis of Glioblastoma
- Imaging Tests: MRI and CT scans to visualize the tumor.
- Biopsy: Tissue sample extraction for definitive diagnosis.
- Neurological Examination: Assessment of neurological function.
Treatment for Glioblastoma
- Surgery: Attempt to remove as much of the tumor as possible.
- Radiation Therapy: Targeted radiation to kill remaining cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy: Drugs to inhibit tumor growth.
- Clinical Trials: Investigational treatments for advanced cases.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical advice if experiencing persistent or worsening headaches, neurological symptoms, or seizures, especially if they are new or unusual.
