Glomerulonephritis

Overview

Glomerulonephritis refers to the inflammation of the glomeruli, which are crucial filtering units in the kidneys responsible for removing excess fluid and waste from the bloodstream. This condition can manifest suddenly (acute) or develop gradually over time (chronic). The inflammation associated with glomerulonephritis can impair kidney function and lead to complications if left untreated.

Types of Glomerulonephritis

1. Acute Glomerulonephritis: Typically occurs after a bacterial infection such as strep throat. It often resolves on its own but can cause temporary kidney damage if severe.

2. Chronic Glomerulonephritis: Develops slowly over years and is often associated with conditions like diabetes or lupus. Chronic inflammation can lead to progressive kidney damage and eventual renal failure.

Causes of Glomerulonephritis

• Immune System Abnormalities: Conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks the glomeruli, leading to inflammation.

• Infections: Bacterial infections, especially streptococcal infections, can trigger acute glomerulonephritis.

• Systemic Diseases: Diseases like lupus or diabetes can cause chronic inflammation of the glomeruli over time.

Risk Factors of Glomerulonephritis

• Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions such as lupus increase the risk of developing glomerulonephritis.

• Infections: Recent or chronic infections, particularly streptococcal infections.

• Family History: A genetic predisposition to kidney diseases.

• Age and Gender: Men are slightly more likely than women to develop glomerulonephritis.

Symptoms of Glomerulonephritis

Preventions of Glomerulonephritis

Preventing glomerulonephritis involves managing underlying conditions and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Regular medical check-ups can help detect early signs of kidney problems, especially for those with risk factors such as diabetes or autoimmune diseases.

Diagnosis of Glomerulonephritis

• Urinalysis and Blood Tests: To check for blood, protein, and waste products in the urine and blood.

• Kidney Biopsy: Taking a small sample of kidney tissue for examination under a microscope.

• Imaging Tests: Such as ultrasound or CT scan to assess kidney structure and size.

Treatment for Glomerulonephritis

1. Medications: Depending on the type and cause, medications to suppress the immune system (immunosuppressants), reduce inflammation, or control blood pressure may be prescribed.

2. Dietary Changes: Limiting protein and salt intake to reduce strain on the kidneys.

3. Lifestyle Modifications: Quitting smoking, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight.

4. Dialysis or Transplant: In severe cases of kidney failure, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.v

When to seek medical attention ?

Seek medical attention if you notice persistent symptoms such as blood in your urine, foamy urine, swelling, or unexplained fatigue. Early diagnosis and treatment can help slow the progression of kidney damage.