Overview
Gout is a common and complex form of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness in the joints, most frequently in the big toe. These attacks can be debilitating, often waking individuals from sleep with intense discomfort.
Types of Gout
- Hyperuricemia: Elevated levels of uric acid in the blood.
- Acute Gout: Sudden attacks of pain and inflammation.
- Chronic Gout: Long-term presence of gout symptoms and joint damage.
Causes of Gout
- Uric Acid Overproduction: Excessive production of uric acid by the body.
- Uric Acid Underexcretion: Inadequate elimination of uric acid by the kidneys.
Risk Factors of Gout
- Dietary Choices: High-purine foods like red meat and seafood.
- Obesity: Increases the risk of gout due to higher uric acid levels.
- Medical Conditions: Hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
Symptoms of Gout
1. Intense Joint Pain: Typically in the big toe but can affect other joints.
2. Swelling and Inflammation: Joint becomes swollen, red, and tender.
3. Limited Range of Motion: Difficulty moving the affected joint.
Preventions of Gout
- Maintain a Healthy Diet: Limit purine-rich foods and alcohol.
- Stay Hydrated: Helps in flushing out uric acid.
- Manage Weight: Maintain a healthy body weight to reduce uric acid levels.
Diagnosis of Gout
- Physical Examination: Assessment of joint tenderness and inflammation.
- Blood Tests: Measure uric acid levels in the blood.
- Joint Fluid Analysis: Examination of fluid from affected joints.
Treatment for Gout
- Medications: NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and colchicine for pain relief and inflammation.
- Lifestyle Changes: Diet modification and weight management.
- Long-Term Medications: Allopurinol to reduce uric acid levels.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical attention if:
- You experience sudden and severe joint pain.
- Gout symptoms recur frequently.
- There is difficulty in joint movement or signs of infection.
