Graves' disease

Overview

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormone, leading to hyperthyroidism. It affects the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck, and influences various bodily functions due to the thyroid hormones it produces.

Types of Graves' disease

1. Primary Graves' Disease: The most common type where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland.
2. Secondary Graves' Disease: Occurs in rare cases where another autoimmune disorder triggers thyroid dysfunction.

Causes of Graves' disease

Graves' disease develops when the immune system mistakenly targets the thyroid gland's cells, stimulating them to produce too much thyroid hormone. The exact causes are not fully understood but may involve:

• Genetic predisposition: Family history increases the risk.
• Environmental factors: Such as infections or stress.

Risk Factors of Graves' disease

• Gender: More prevalent in women.
• Age: Typically diagnosed in individuals over 30 years old.
• Family history: Having relatives with autoimmune diseases increases susceptibility.
• Other autoimmune disorders: Such as type 1 diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis.

Symptoms of Graves' disease

Preventions of Graves' disease

There are no known ways to prevent Graves' disease, but managing stress and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help reduce the risk of exacerbating symptoms.

Diagnosis of Graves' disease

1. Physical Examination: Including assessment of thyroid gland size and symptoms.
2. Blood Tests: Measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).
3. Radioactive Iodine Uptake: Determines how much iodine the thyroid gland takes up.
4. Thyroid Ultrasound: Provides detailed images of the thyroid gland.
5. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): Biopsy to examine thyroid nodules.

Treatment for Graves' disease

1. Antithyroid Medications: Methimazole or propylthiouracil to inhibit hormone production.
2. Radioactive Iodine Therapy: Destroys thyroid tissue to reduce hormone levels.
3. Thyroidectomy: Surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
4. Beta-blockers: To manage symptoms like rapid heartbeat and tremors.

When to seek medical attention ?

Consult a healthcare provider if experiencing symptoms like unexplained weight loss, palpitations, or persistent nervousness, especially if there is a family history of thyroid disorders.