Overview
Gynecomastia is a condition characterized by an increase in breast gland tissue in boys or men, often caused by an imbalance of estrogen and testosterone hormones. It can affect one or both breasts, sometimes unevenly, and is distinct from pseudogynecomastia, which involves an increase in fat but not gland tissue.
Types of Gynecomastia
- Neonatal Gynecomastia: Occurs in newborns due to maternal estrogen effects.
- Pubertal Gynecomastia: Common during puberty, reflecting hormonal changes.
- Adult Gynecomastia: Can be associated with aging or health conditions.
Causes of Gynecomastia
- Hormonal imbalances
- Certain medications
- Health conditions affecting hormone levels
- Substance use.
Risk Factors of Gynecomastia
- Age: prevalent in newborns, adolescents, and older adults
- Medications: drugs for heart conditions, anti-androgens, etc.
- Health conditions: hypogonadism, tumors, hyperthyroidism
- Lifestyle factors: alcohol use, substance abuse.
Symptoms of Gynecomastia
1. Swollen breast gland tissue.
2. Breast tenderness.
3. Asymmetrical breast size.
Preventions of Gynecomastia
While not all cases are preventable, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing underlying health conditions can reduce risk.
Diagnosis of Gynecomastia
- Medical history review
- Physical examination
- Blood tests
- Imaging tests.
Treatment for Gynecomastia
- Observation: Many cases resolve without treatment.
- Medications: To address underlying hormonal imbalances.
- Surgery: For persistent or severe cases.
When to seek medical attention ?
Seek medical advice if you notice:
- Persistent breast enlargement
- Pain or tenderness
- Nipple discharge
