Hurthle Cell Cancer

Overview

Hurthle (HEERT-luh) cell cancer, also known as Hurthle cell carcinoma or oxyphilic cell carcinoma, is a rare malignancy that primarily affects the thyroid gland. The thyroid, resembling a butterfly-shaped structure, resides at the base of the neck and plays a crucial role in regulating the body’s metabolism through hormone secretion. Although uncommon, Hurthle cell cancer can be more aggressive than other types of thyroid cancer. Surgical removal of the thyroid gland remains the most common treatment approach.

Types of Hurthle Cell Cancer

Hurthle cell cancer is one of several thyroid cancers. It arises from Hurthle cells, which are larger than typical follicular cells and contain abundant mitochondria. These tumors can be either benign adenomas or malignant carcinomas, with at least 75% of the cells being Hurthle cells.

Causes of Hurthle Cell Cancer

The exact cause of Hurthle cell cancer remains unclear. However, it typically begins when thyroid cells undergo changes in their DNA. These mutations prompt rapid cell growth and resistance to natural cell death. Over time, these accumulating cells form a tumor that can invade nearby healthy tissue and potentially spread to other parts of the body.

Risk Factors of Hurthle Cell Cancer

Several factors increase the risk of developing Hurthle cell cancer:

• Gender: It occurs more frequently in women.
• Age: Typically diagnosed around 60 years of age.
• Radiation Exposure: A history of radiation treatments to the head and neck.
• Family History: A family history of thyroid cancer.

Symptoms of Hurthle Cell Cancer

Preventions of Hurthle Cell Cancer

Prevention Strategies for Hurthle Cell Cancer

1. Regular Thyroid Health Checkups:

   • Schedule routine visits with your healthcare provider to monitor thyroid health.
   • Regular checkups allow for early detection of any abnormalities or changes in thyroid function.

2. Avoid Radiation Exposure:

   • Limit exposure to ionizing radiation, especially around the head and neck.
   • If you’ve had previous radiation treatments (e.g., for other cancers), discuss potential risks with your doctor.

3. Know Your Family History:

   • Understand your family’s medical history, especially regarding thyroid conditions and cancers.
   • If there’s a family history of thyroid cancer, inform your healthcare provider.

4. Self-Examination:

   • Regularly examine your neck for any lumps, swelling, or changes.
   • Report any unusual findings to your doctor promptly.

5. Healthy Lifestyle Choices:

   • Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
   • Avoid excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco use.
   • Engage in regular physical activity.

6. Thyroid-Protective Foods:

   • Include foods rich in antioxidants, such as berries, nuts, and leafy greens.
   • Consider incorporating iodine-rich foods (e.g., seaweed, fish) to support thyroid health.

7. Limit Processed Foods and Environmental Toxins:

   • Reduce exposure to environmental toxins, including pollutants and chemicals.
   • Minimize processed foods containing additives and preservatives.

8. Stay Informed:

   • Educate yourself about thyroid health and cancer risk factors.
   • Attend awareness programs and seek reliable information.

9. Consult a Specialist:

   • If you have risk factors or experience symptoms, consult an endocrinologist.
   • Regular follow-ups with specialists can help detect any changes early.

10. Genetic Counseling:

    • If you have a strong family history of thyroid cancer, consider genetic counseling.
    • Genetic testing can identify specific mutations associated with increased risk.

Diagnosis of Hurthle Cell Cancer

To diagnose Hurthle cell cancer, healthcare providers use various tests and procedures:

• Physical Exam: Examination of the neck and assessment of thyroid size and lymph nodes.
• Blood Tests: To evaluate thyroid function.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound and CT scans to detect thyroid growths.
• Laryngoscopy: Examination of vocal cords for potential spread.
• Thyroid Biopsy: Removal of a tissue sample for analysis by pathologists.

Treatment for Hurthle Cell Cancer

Surgery is the primary treatment for Hurthle cell cancer:

• Total Thyroidectomy: Removal of the entire thyroid gland.
• Near-Total Thyroidectomy: Leaving small edges of thyroid tissue near parathyroid glands to prevent injury.
• Neck Dissection: Removal of surrounding lymph nodes if metastasis is suspected.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience any concerning symptoms, such as a neck lump or voice changes, seek medical evaluation promptly.