Overview
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic heart condition characterized by the abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the walls of the left ventricle. This thickening makes it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently, increasing the risk of arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.
Types of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
- Obstructive HCM: In this type, the wall (septum) between the two ventricles thickens, restricting blood flow.
- Non-obstructive HCM: The left ventricle (the main pumping chamber) thickens, resulting in decreased blood intake and pumping out.
Causes of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
HCM is primarily caused by abnormal gene mutations in the heart muscle. These mutations lead to the thickening of the heart walls.
Risk Factors of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
Risk factors include:
- Family history: HCM is often inherited.
- Age: Advanced age increases the risk.
- Uncontrolled high blood pressure
Symptoms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
1. Chest Pain (Angina): Discomfort or pressure in the chest, especially during physical activity.
May radiate to the neck, jaw, or left arm.
2. Shortness of breath (Dyspnea): Difficulty breathing, especially during exertion.
May occur at rest in severe cases.
3. Heart Murmurs: Abnormal heart sounds heard during a physical examination.
Caused by turbulent blood flow due to thickened heart muscle.
4. Heart Palpitations: Sensation of rapid, fluttering, or irregular heartbeats.
May be accompanied by dizziness or fainting.
5. Fainting (Syncope): Sudden loss of consciousness, often triggered by physical activity or emotional stress .
Preventions of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
While HCM cannot be prevented due to its genetic basis, early detection and management are crucial. Consider the following preventive measures:
- Regular physical activity: Consult a healthcare provider before starting any exercise regimen.
- Healthy balanced diet: Maintain a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
- Echocardiogram: Assesses heart muscle thickness.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): Measures electrical impulses.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Evaluates severity.
- Stress Test: Monitors blood pressure and heart rhythm.
- Cardiac Catheterization: Obtains X-ray images of blood vessels.
Treatment for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
- Medication:
- Beta blockers (e.g., Metoprolol, Propranolol): Relax the heart muscle.
- Calcium channel blockers (e.g., Verapamil, Diltiazem): Regulate heart rhythm.
- Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin): Reduce blood clot risk.
- Procedures:
- Septal Ablation: Destroys a section of thickened heart muscle.
- Septal Myectomy: Removes part of the thickened wall.
- Heart Transplant: Reserved for severe cases.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you experience any symptoms or have a family history of HCM, seek medical attention promptly.
