Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP)

Overview

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), commonly known as cholestasis of pregnancy, is a liver condition that occurs during late pregnancy. It is characterized by intense itching without a rash. Although uncomfortable for the mother, ICP can have serious implications for the baby. Let’s delve into the details.

Types of Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP)

ICP primarily manifests as two types:

1. Classic ICP: This type occurs during the third trimester and is characterized by pruritus (itching) and elevated bile acids.
2. Early-Onset ICP: Rarely, ICP may develop earlier in pregnancy, typically during the second trimester.

Causes of Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP)

The exact cause of ICP remains unclear, but several factors contribute:

• Hormonal Changes: Elevated estrogen and progesterone levels during pregnancy affect liver function.
• Genetic Predisposition: Some women are genetically more susceptible.
• Bile Acid Regulation: Disruption in bile acid transport within the liver contributes to ICP.

Risk Factors of Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP)

Certain factors increase the risk of developing ICP:

• Family History: If close relatives have had ICP, you may be at higher risk.
• Twin or Multiple Pregnancies: Increased hormonal load can trigger ICP.
• History of Liver Disease: Pre-existing liver conditions raise the risk.

Symptoms of Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP)

Preventions of Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP)

While ICP cannot always be prevented, consider the following:

• Early Detection: Regular prenatal check-ups help identify ICP early.
• Avoid Triggers: Minimize exposure to hot water and tight clothing (which worsen itching).

Diagnosis of Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP)

Diagnosis involves:

1. Clinical Assessment: Based on symptoms and medical history.
2. Blood Tests: Measure bile acids and liver enzymes.
3. Ultrasound: To assess fetal well-being.

Treatment for Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP)

Management focuses on symptom relief and minimizing risks:

1. Ursodeoxycholic Acid: Often prescribed to reduce itching and improve liver function.
2. Monitoring: Regular check-ups to assess fetal health.
3. Early Delivery: If complications arise, early term delivery may be recommended.

When to seek medical attention ?

Consult your healthcare provider if you experience intense itching, dark urine, or pale stool during pregnancy. Early intervention is crucial.