Ischemic colitis

Overview

Ischemic colitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and injury to the large intestine due to inadequate blood supply. This reduced blood flow can lead to tissue damage in the affected area of the colon. While any part of the colon can be involved, ischemic colitis most commonly causes pain on the left side of the belly area. Let’s delve deeper into the specifics of this condition.

Types of Ischemic colitis

Ischemic colitis can be categorized into the following types:

1. Non-occlusive Ischemic Colitis: This type occurs when blood flow reduction is not due to complete blockage of blood vessels. It often affects older adults and is associated with small-vessel atherosclerosis.

2. Occlusive Ischemic Colitis: In this type, blood flow is significantly reduced due to complete or partial blockage of the arteries supplying the colon. It can result from factors such as blood clots, scar tissue, or hernias.

Causes of Ischemic colitis

Several factors increase the risk of developing ischemic colitis:

• Atherosclerosis: Buildup of fatty deposits on artery walls.
• Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension): Associated with dehydration, heart failure, surgery, trauma, or shock.
• Bowel Obstruction: Caused by hernias, scar tissue, or tumors.
• Surgery Involving the Heart or Blood Vessels: Can disrupt blood flow.
• Other Medical Disorders: Conditions like vasculitis, lupus, or sickle cell anemia.
• Cocaine or Methamphetamine Use: These drugs can affect blood vessels.
• Chronic Constipation: May contribute to reduced blood flow.
• Medications: Certain drugs can lead to ischemic colitis, although this is rare.

Risk Factors of Ischemic colitis

• Age: Ischemic colitis is more common in adults over 60.
• Sex: Some studies suggest it’s more prevalent in females.
• Underlying Medical Conditions: High blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, and kidney disease increase the risk.
• Blood Clotting Irregularities: Factor V Leiden mutation.
• Inflammation of Blood Vessels (Vasculitis): Rarely associated with ischemic colitis.

Symptoms of Ischemic colitis

Preventions of Ischemic colitis

To prevent ischemic colitis:

• Maintain a healthy lifestyle.
• Avoid drugs like cocaine or methamphetamine.
• Exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet.
• Timely treatment for heart conditions that can cause blood clots.

Diagnosis of Ischemic colitis

• Imaging (ultrasound, CT scan, magnetic resonance angiography, colonoscopy) helps diagnose ischemic colitis.

Treatment for Ischemic colitis

• Treatment depends on severity: antibiotics, intravenous therapy, and sometimes surgery.
• Self-care includes avoiding medications that constrict blood vessels and maintaining overall health.

When to seek medical attention ?

Seek immediate medical care for sudden, severe abdominal pain or bloody diarrhea. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.