Keratitis

Overview

Keratitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped tissue on the front of the eye that covers the pupil and iris. The cornea is a crucial part of the eye's structure, allowing light to enter and focus on the retina. When the cornea becomes inflamed, it can cause significant discomfort, vision problems, and even permanent damage.

Types of Keratitis

Keratitis can be classified into two main types: noninfectious and infectious.

1.Noninfectious keratitis: This type of keratitis is caused by a minor injury or trauma to the cornea, such as wearing contact lenses for too long or getting a foreign body in the eye. It can also be caused by chemical burns or other environmental factors.

2.Infectious keratitis: This type of keratitis is caused by a bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infection that enters the eye through trauma or other means.

Causes of Keratitis

The causes of keratitis can vary depending on the type of keratitis. Noninfectious keratitis is often caused by:

• Wearing contact lenses for too long.
• Getting a foreign body in the eye.
• Chemical burns or other environmental factors.
• Trauma or injury to the eye.

Infectious keratitis is often caused by:

• Bacterial infections such as Staphylococcus aureus.
• Viral infections such as herpes simplex virus.
• Fungal infections such as Aspergillus.
• Parasitic infections such as Toxoplasma gondii.

Risk Factors of Keratitis

Certain individuals may be at higher risk of developing keratitis due to various factors. These include:

• Contact lens wearers.
• Individuals who have had previous eye injuries or trauma.
• People with pre-existing eye conditions such as cataracts or glaucoma.
• Those who have a weakened immune system.
• Individuals who have been exposed to environmental factors that can cause corneal inflammation.

Symptoms of Keratitis

Preventions of Keratitis

To prevent keratitis, it is essential to take proper care of your eyes and avoid any potential risks. Some prevention measures include:

• Wearing contact lenses correctly and cleaning them regularly.
• Avoiding touching your eyes with unwashed hands.
• Avoiding exposure to environmental factors that can cause corneal inflammation.
• Getting regular eye exams and maintaining good eye hygiene.

Diagnosis of Keratitis

Diagnosis of keratitis is typically made through a combination of physical examination and medical history. The following tests may be performed to evaluate the condition:

• Slit-lamp biomicroscopy to examine the cornea.
• Ophthalmoscopy to examine the inner eye
• Corneal ultrasound to measure corneal thickness and detect any abnormalities.
• Blood tests to detect any underlying infections or systemic conditions.

Treatment for Keratitis

Treatment for keratitis typically involves a combination of medication and non-surgical interventions. The following treatments may be used to manage keratitis:

• Antibiotics to treat bacterial infections.
• Antiviral medications to treat viral infections.
• Antifungal medications to treat fungal infections.
• Topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and swelling.
• Pain management medications to alleviate discomfort.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you are experiencing any symptoms of keratitis, it is essential to see a doctor promptly. Delaying treatment can lead to serious complications and permanent damage.