Knee Bursitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Overview Types Causes & Risk Factors Symptoms Preventions Treatment

Overview

Knee bursitis is a condition in which one or more small fluid-filled sacs near the knee joint become inflamed. The sacs are called bursae, which reduce friction and cushion pressure points between bones and tendons, muscles, and skin near the joints. Knee bursitis can occur on either side of the knee joint, but most commonly affects the area over the kneecap or on the inner side of the knee below the joint.

Types of Knee Bursitis

There are several types of knee bursitis, including:

Prepatellar bursitis: This type affects the bursae located directly above the kneecap.
Infrapatellar bursitis: This type affects the bursae located below the kneecap.
Suprapatellar bursitis: This type affects the bursae located above the kneecap.

Causes of Knee Bursitis

Knee bursitis can be caused by several factors, including:

Trauma or injury to the knee.
Overuse or repetitive strain on the knee.
Poor posture or biomechanics.
Inflammation or infection in the knee joint.
Certain medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout.

Risk Factors of Knee Bursitis

Certain individuals may be at higher risk of developing knee bursitis due to various factors. These include:

Age: The risk of developing knee bursitis increases with age.
Sex: Women are more likely to develop knee bursitis than men.
Occupation: Individuals who engage in activities that involve repeated kneeling or squatting may be at higher risk.
Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout, may increase the risk of developing knee bursitis.

Symptoms of Knee Bursitis

The symptoms of knee bursitis can vary depending on the severity and location of the condition. Common symptoms include:

1. Pain: Localized Pain: Pain is usually felt directly over the affected bursa. For prepatellar bursitis, pain is felt over the kneecap, while for infrapatellar bursitis, pain is felt below the kneecap. Worsening with Activity: Pain often worsens with movement or pressure on the knee, such as kneeling, walking, or climbing stairs.

2. Swelling: Visible Swelling: The affected area may appear swollen and puffy. This is due to the accumulation of excess fluid in the bursa. Warmth: The swollen area may feel warm to the touch, indicating inflammation.

3. Tenderness: Sensitivity to Touch: The area around the inflamed bursa is often tender and sensitive to touch. Pain on Pressure: Applying pressure to the affected area, such as kneeling or pressing on the knee, can cause significant discomfort.

4. Limited Range of Motion: Stiffness: The knee may feel stiff, making it difficult to fully bend or straighten the leg. Reduced Mobility: Activities that involve knee movement, such as walking or squatting, may be limited due to pain and stiffness.

5. Redneess: Skin Changes: The skin over the affected area may become red and inflamed. Infection Signs: In cases where the bursitis is caused by an infection, the redness may be more pronounced, and there may be other signs of infection such as fever.

6. Bursa Enlargement: Visible Lump: In some cases, the inflamed bursa may become enlarged, forming a noticeable lump over the knee. Fluid Accumulation: The lump is due to the accumulation of excess fluid within the bursa.

7. General Discomfort: Aching: A general aching sensation around the knee joint may be present. Fatigue: Persistent pain and discomfort can lead to fatigue and a feeling of heaviness in the leg.

Preventions of Knee Bursitis

Preventing knee bursitis involves taking steps to reduce the risk of injury or inflammation in the knee joint. These steps include:

Wearing proper footwear and padding.
Maintaining proper posture and biomechanics.
Engaging in regular exercise and stretching.
Avoiding repetitive strain or overuse.

Diagnosis of Knee Bursitis

Diagnosis and evaluation of knee bursitis typically involve a combination of physical examination and imaging studies. The following tests may be used to diagnose and evaluate knee bursitis:

Physical examination.
Imaging studies (such as MRI or X-rays).
Blood tests.
Fluid aspiration (if necessary).

Treatment for Knee Bursitis

Treatment for knee bursitis typically involves a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and physical therapy. Some common treatments for knee bursitis include:

Medications to reduce pain and inflammation.
Physical therapy to improve mobility and strength.
Corticosteroid injections (if necessary).
Rest and ice to reduce pain and inflammation.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you suspect that you have developed knee bursitis, it is essential to see a doctor promptly. Delaying treatment can lead to complications such as chronic pain and stiffness.