Overview
Lactose intolerance is a condition where people are unable to fully digest the sugar in milk, known as lactose. This leads to symptoms like diarrhea, gas, and bloating after consuming dairy products. The condition is usually harmless but can be uncomfortable for those affected.
Types of Lactose Intolerance
There are two types of lactose intolerance:
- Primary lactose intolerance: This is the most common type and occurs when the body does not produce enough lactase enzyme to digest lactose.
- Secondary lactose intolerance: This type occurs when the body produces enough lactase enzyme but the intestine is damaged or inflamed, making it difficult to digest lactose.
Causes of Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance is caused by too little of the lactase enzyme produced in the small intestine. This enzyme breaks down lactose into easily digestible sugars. The lack of lactase enzyme can occur due to:
- Genetic predisposition.
- Aging (lactase enzyme production decreases with age).
- Intestinal damage or inflammation.
- Infections or disorders affecting the gut.
Risk Factors of Lactose Intolerance
Certain individuals may be more likely to develop lactose intolerance due to:
- Age: Older adults are more likely to develop lactose intolerance due to decreased lactase enzyme production.
- Genetics: People with a family history of lactose intolerance may be more likely to develop it.
- Ethnicity: Individuals from certain ethnic backgrounds (such as African, Native American, or Asian) may be more likely to develop lactose intolerance due to genetic variations.
Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance
The symptoms of lactose intolerance typically occur within 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming dairy products and can include:Preventions of Lactose Intolerance
While it is not possible to completely prevent lactose intolerance, there are some measures that can be taken to reduce symptoms:
- Avoiding dairy products or consuming them in small amounts.
- Taking lactase enzyme supplements with dairy products.
- Choosing dairy products with lower lactose content.
- Engaging in regular exercise and physical activity to improve digestion.
Diagnosis of Lactose Intolerance
Diagnosis and evaluation of lactose intolerance typically involve a combination of physical examination and diagnostic tests. The following tests may be used to diagnose lactose intolerance:
- Hydrogen breath test.
- Lactose tolerance test.
- Blood tests for liver function.
- Physical examination for signs of gastrointestinal distress.
Treatment for Lactose Intolerance
Treatment for lactose intolerance typically involves managing symptoms and avoiding dairy products or consuming them in small amounts. Some common treatments include:
- Lactase enzyme supplements.
- Avoiding dairy products or consuming them in small amounts.
- Choosing dairy products with lower lactose content.
- Engaging in regular exercise and physical activity to improve digestion.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you suspect that you have developed lactose intolerance, it is essential to see a doctor promptly. Delaying treatment can lead to complications such as nutrient deficiencies and social and emotional distress.
