Laryngitis

Overview

Laryngitis is an inflammation of the voice box (larynx) that occurs when the vocal cords become inflamed due to overuse, irritation, or infection. The larynx is a complex structure that contains two folds of mucous membrane covering muscle and cartilage. The vocal cords are responsible for producing sound by opening and closing smoothly, allowing air to pass through and vibrate. When the vocal cords become inflamed, it can cause pain and discomfort when speaking or singing.

Types of Laryngitis

There are several types of laryngitis, including:

1. Acute laryngitis: This is a sudden onset of inflammation caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
2. Chronic laryngitis: This is a long-term inflammation caused by repeated exposure to irritants or overuse.
3. Infectious laryngitis: This is a type of acute laryngitis caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
4. Non-infectious laryngitis: This is a type of chronic laryngitis caused by repeated exposure to irritants or overuse.

Causes of Laryngitis

Laryngitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Overuse: Prolonged use of the voice without adequate rest can lead to inflammation.
2. Irritants: Exposure to irritants such as smoke, pollution, or chemicals can cause inflammation.
3. Infection: Viral or bacterial infections can cause inflammation of the vocal cords.
4. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Stomach acid can flow up into the throat and cause inflammation.
5. Allergies: Allergies to substances such as pollen or dust can cause inflammation.

Risk Factors of Laryngitis

Certain individuals may be more likely to develop laryngitis due to:

1. Age: Older adults may be more susceptible to laryngitis due to decreased immune function.
2. Sex: Women may be more susceptible to laryngitis due to hormonal changes.
3. Occupation: People who work in noisy environments or use their voice frequently may be more susceptible to laryngitis.
4. Genetics: Individuals with a family history of laryngitis may be more susceptible.

Symptoms of Laryngitis

Preventions of Laryngitis

Preventing laryngitis involves taking steps to avoid irritating the vocal cords and reducing exposure to irritants. Some strategies include:

1. Getting regular rest and avoiding overuse.
2. Avoiding exposure to irritants such as smoke and pollution.
3. Using a humidifier to add moisture to the air.
4. Avoiding activities that strain the voice.

Diagnosis of Laryngitis

Diagnosis and evaluation of laryngitis typically involve a combination of physical examination and diagnostic tests. The following tests may be used to diagnose laryngitis:

1. Physical examination.
2. Stroboscopy.
3. Vocal cord biopsy.
4. Blood tests for infection.

Treatment for Laryngitis

Treatment for laryngitis typically involves managing symptoms and avoiding further irritation of the vocal cords. Some common treatments include:

1. Resting the voice.
2. Using a humidifier to add moisture to the air.
3. Taking antibiotics for bacterial infections.
4. Using anti-inflammatory medications for pain relief.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you suspect that you have developed laryngitis, it is essential to see a doctor promptly. Delaying treatment can lead to complications such as chronic hoarseness or loss of voice.