Low sperm count

Overview

A low sperm count is a common condition that affects many men worldwide. It's also known as oligospermia (ol-ih-go-SPUR-me-uh). A complete absence of sperm is called azoospermia. A low sperm count can significantly decrease the chances of a man's sperm fertilizing his partner's egg, making it challenging to conceive.

In this article, we'll delve into the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for low sperm count. We'll also explore the risk factors and complications associated with this condition and discuss when to see a doctor.

Low sperm count is a common condition that affects men of all ages. It's estimated that up to 10% of men experience low sperm count at some point in their lives. The condition is characterized by a lower-than-normal number of sperm in the semen, which can affect a man's fertility.

Types of Low sperm count

There are several types of low sperm count, including:

1. Oligospermia: This is the most common type of low sperm count, characterized by fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen.
2. Azoospermia: This is a rare condition characterized by a complete absence of sperm in the semen.
3. Hypospermia: This is a condition characterized by fewer than 40 million sperm per milliliter of semen.

Causes of Low sperm count

The causes of low sperm count are varied and can include:

1. Genetic disorders: Certain genetic disorders such as Klinefelter syndrome can affect fertility.
2. Infections: Infections such as mumps or orchitis can damage the testicles and affect sperm production.
3. Injury: Trauma to the testicles or scrotum can damage the sperm-producing cells.
4. Cancer treatment: Certain cancer treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy can damage the testicles and affect sperm production.
5. Lifestyle factors: Factors such as smoking, excessive heat exposure, and certain medications can affect sperm production.

Risk Factors of Low sperm count

The following risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing low sperm count:

1. Age: Men over 40 are more likely to experience low sperm count due to natural decline in fertility.
2. Family history: Men with a family history of infertility or low sperm count are more likely to experience these issues.
3. Smoking: Smoking has been linked to decreased fertility in men.
4. Obesity: Obesity has been linked to decreased fertility in men.

Symptoms of Low sperm count

Preventions of Low sperm count

While it's not possible to completely prevent low sperm count, there are several steps that men can take to reduce their risk:

1. Maintain a healthy weight.
2. Quit smoking.
3. Reduce heat exposure.
4. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
5. Practice good sexual hygiene.

Diagnosis of Low sperm count

Diagnosis of low sperm count typically involves a combination of the following methods:

1. Semen analysis: A semen analysis will be performed to measure the number of sperm present in the semen.
2. Physical examination: A physical examination will be performed to assess the size and shape of the testicles and scrotum.
3. Medical history: A medical history will be taken to assess any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to low sperm count.

Treatment for Low sperm count

Treatment for low sperm count typically involves a combination of the following methods:

1. Assisted reproductive technology (ART): ART may involve techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
2. Sperm retrieval: Sperm retrieval may involve surgical extraction of sperm from the epididymis or testicles.
3. Medications: Medications such as clomiphene citrate may be used to stimulate ovulation and increase fertility.
4. Lifestyle changes: Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking or reducing heat exposure may be recommended.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you're experiencing symptoms of low sperm count or if you're concerned about your fertility, it's essential to see a doctor.