Measles

Overview

Measles is a highly contagious and potentially deadly disease that affects children and adults worldwide. Once a common childhood infection, measles has become a rare disease in many countries due to the widespread use of vaccines. However, it still kills more than 200,000 people each year, mostly children under the age of five.

Measles is a viral infection that spreads easily from person to person through the air or by touching contaminated surfaces. The virus is highly contagious and can infect people who are not vaccinated or who have not developed immunity to the disease. Measles is characterized by a distinctive rash, fever, and cough.

Types of Measles

There are two main types of measles: measles-rubella (MR) and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR). MR vaccine is used in many countries to protect against measles and rubella, while MMR vaccine is used in some countries to protect against measles, mumps, and rubella.

Causes of Measles

Measles is caused by the measles virus, which is highly contagious and can spread quickly from person to person. The virus is usually spread through:

1. Airborne transmission: The virus can spread through the air when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes.
2. Close contact: The virus can spread through close contact with an infected person, such as shaking hands or sharing food.
3. Contaminated surfaces: The virus can survive on surfaces for several hours and can spread through touching contaminated surfaces.

Risk Factors of Measles

The following risk factors increase the risk of developing measles:

1. Lack of vaccination: People who have not received the MMR vaccine or have not developed immunity to the disease are at increased risk of developing measles.
2. Age: Children under the age of five are at increased risk of developing severe measles complications.
3. Weakened immune system: People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or cancer treatment, are at increased risk of developing severe measles complications.
4. Travel: People who travel to countries where measles is common may be at increased risk of developing measles.

Symptoms of Measles

Preventions of Measles

Prevention is key to avoiding measles. The following steps can help prevent the spread of measles:

1. Vaccination: The MMR vaccine is highly effective in preventing measles.
2. Hand hygiene: Washing hands frequently with soap and water can help prevent the spread of measles.
3. Avoid close contact: Avoiding close contact with people who have measles can help prevent the spread of the disease.
4. Cleanliness: Keeping surfaces clean and disinfected can help prevent the spread of measles.

Diagnosis of Measles

Diagnosis is typically made by:

1. Physical examination: A healthcare provider will perform a physical examination to look for signs of measles.
2. Laboratory tests: Blood tests may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
3. Rash evaluation: The rash will be evaluated to determine if it is consistent with measles.

Treatment for Measles

Treatment for measles typically involves:

1. Rest
2. Antiviral medication: Medication may be prescribed to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.
3. Pain management: Medication may be prescribed to manage pain and discomfort.
4. Supportive care: Supportive care measures such as hydration and nutrition may be necessary.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you suspect you or your child has measles, seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications.