Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS)

Overview

Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS), also known as celiac artery compression syndrome, is a rare vascular disorder. It occurs when the median arcuate ligament, a fibrous band of tissue in the diaphragm, compresses the celiac artery, which is the primary blood supply to the upper abdominal organs. This compression disrupts blood flow and leads to a range of symptoms.

Types of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS)

There is only one type of MALS, characterized by the compression of the celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament. However, the severity and presentation of symptoms can vary among individuals.

Causes of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS)

The exact cause of MALS remains controversial, but several factors may contribute:

1. Anatomical Variation: A low-lying median arcuate ligament can compress the celiac axis, leading to MALS.
2. Genetics: Although poorly understood, genetics may play a role, as MALS has been observed in twins and family members.
3. Post-Surgical: Some individuals develop MALS after pancreatic surgery.
4. Blunt Trauma: Blunt injury to the upper abdomen may trigger MALS.

Risk Factors of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS)

While the precise risk factors are unclear, the following factors may increase the likelihood of developing MALS:

• Age: MALS is more common in younger individuals, typically between 20 and 50 years old.
• Gender: Women are often affected, especially those aged 20 to 40.

Symptoms of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS)

Preventions of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS)

As MALS is primarily anatomical, prevention strategies are limited. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing stress may help alleviate symptoms.

Diagnosis of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS)

1. Clinical Assessment: Detailed medical history and physical examination.
2. Imaging: CT scans and angiography to visualize the celiac artery and assess blood flow.
3. Differential Diagnosis: Ruling out other conditions with similar symptoms.

Treatment for Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS)

1. Conservative Measures:
   • Lifestyle Adjustments: Dietary modifications and stress management.
   • Medications: Pain management and symptom relief.
2. Surgical Intervention:
   • Laparoscopic Decompression: Release of the compressed artery.
   • Open Surgery: Rarely needed but may be considered in severe cases.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience persistent upper abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or gastrointestinal symptoms, seek medical evaluation promptly.