Melanoma

Overview

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that starts in the melanocytes, which are cells that produce the pigment melanin. Melanin is responsible for giving skin its color and helps protect it from the harmful effects of the sun. Melanoma typically develops in areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun, such as the arms, back, face, and legs.

Melanoma is a serious and aggressive type of skin cancer that can spread quickly if left untreated. It is estimated that over 90% of melanomas are caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.

Types of Melanoma

There are several types of melanoma, including:

1. Superficial spreading melanoma: This is the most common type of melanoma and accounts for approximately 70% of all cases.
2. Nodular melanoma: This type of melanoma is characterized by its rapid growth and can be more aggressive than other types.
3. Lentigo maligna melanoma: This type of melanoma is characterized by its flat appearance and is often found on the face and ears.
4. Acral lentiginous melanoma: This type of melanoma is characterized by its appearance on the palms or soles of the feet.

Causes of Melanoma

The primary cause of melanoma is exposure to UV radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Other risk factors include:

1. Family history: Individuals with a family history of melanoma may be at increased risk.
2. Fair skin: Individuals with fair skin are at increased risk due to their reduced ability to protect themselves from UV radiation.
3. Increased exposure to UV radiation: Individuals who spend extended periods outdoors or work outdoors may be at increased risk.
4. Weakened immune system: Individuals with weakened immune systems may be at increased risk due to their reduced ability to fight off cancer cells.

Risk Factors of Melanoma

The following risk factors may increase an individual's risk of developing melanoma:

1. Fair skin: Individuals with fair skin are at increased risk due to their reduced ability to protect themselves from UV radiation.
2. Family history: Individuals with a family history of melanoma may be at increased risk.
3. Increased exposure to UV radiation: Individuals who spend extended periods outdoors or work outdoors may be at increased risk.
4. Weakened immune system: Individuals with weakened immune systems may be at increased risk due to their reduced ability to fight off cancer cells.

Symptoms of Melanoma

Preventions of Melanoma

Prevention is key when it comes to reducing the risk of developing melanoma. The following steps can help reduce an individual's risk:

1. Avoid prolonged exposure to UV radiation: Avoid spending extended periods outdoors during peak sun hours (10am-4pm) and use sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher.
2. Wear protective clothing: Wear clothing that covers the skin and provides protection from UV radiation.
3. Seek shade: Seek shade when spending time outdoors and avoid direct exposure to the sun.
4. Use tanning beds responsibly: Avoid using tanning beds altogether or use them responsibly under medical supervision.

Diagnosis of Melanoma

The diagnosis of melanoma typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests, including:

1. Skin examination.
2. Biopsy.
3. Imaging tests (CT scans, MRI scans).

Treatment for Melanoma

Treatment options for melanoma include:

1. Surgery
2. Radiation therapy
3. Chemotherapy
4. Immunotherapy.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you notice any changes in your moles or develop new moles, seek medical attention immediately.