Microscopic colitis

Overview

Microscopic colitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the large intestine, also known as the colon. This condition is often referred to as lymphocytic colitis or collagenous colitis. The name "microscopic colitis" is given because the condition is diagnosed by examining the colon tissue under a microscope. The tissue appears normal on examination with a colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy, but under a microscope, the inflammation and irritation are evident.

Types of Microscopic colitis

There are two main types of microscopic colitis:

1. Lymphocytic Colitis: This type of microscopic colitis is characterized by an infiltration of lymphocytes in the lining of the colon.
2. Collagenous Colitis: This type of microscopic colitis is characterized by the presence of a thick layer of collagen in the lining of the colon.

Causes of Microscopic colitis

The causes of microscopic colitis are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response. The condition can occur in people of any age, but it is more common in older adults.

Risk Factors of Microscopic colitis

The following are risk factors for developing microscopic colitis:

1. Age: The risk of developing microscopic colitis increases with age.
2. Family History: A family history of autoimmune disorders may increase the risk of developing microscopic colitis.
3. Other Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis may increase the risk of developing microscopic colitis.
4. Medications: Certain medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics may increase the risk of developing microscopic colitis.

Symptoms of Microscopic colitis

Preventions of Microscopic colitis

There is no guaranteed way to prevent microscopic colitis, but taking certain steps can reduce the risk of developing the condition. These steps include:

1. Maintaining a Healthy Diet: Eating a healthy diet that includes plenty of fiber and fruits can help reduce the risk of developing microscopic colitis.
2. Avoiding Certain Medications: Avoiding certain medications such as NSAIDs and antibiotics can help reduce the risk of developing microscopic colitis.
3. Managing Other Medical Conditions: Managing other medical conditions such as celiac disease and Crohn's disease can help reduce the risk of developing microscopic colitis.

Diagnosis of Microscopic colitis

Diagnosing microscopic colitis typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. The following tests may be used to diagnose and evaluate microscopic colitis:

1. Physical Examination: A physical examination will typically involve an examination of the abdomen and rectum.
2. Medical History: A medical history will typically involve an evaluation of past medical conditions and medications.
3. Laboratory Tests: Laboratory tests such as blood tests and stool tests may be used to evaluate for signs of inflammation and malabsorption.

Treatment for Microscopic colitis

Treatment for microscopic colitis typically involves a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. The following medications may be used to manage microscopic colitis:

1. Aminosalicylates: Aminosalicylates such as sulfasalazine and mesalamine can help reduce inflammation in the colon.
2. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids such as prednisone can help reduce inflammation in the colon.
3. Immunomodulators: Immunomodulators such as azathioprine can help modulate the immune response.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you are experiencing symptoms of watery diarrhea or other symptoms that are consistent with microscopic colitis, it is important to see a doctor for evaluation and treatment.