Miscarriage

Overview

Miscarriage is the sudden loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. It is a common complication of pregnancy, affecting about 10% to 20% of known pregnancies. However, the actual number of miscarriages may be higher due to the fact that many occur early on, before people realize they are pregnant. The term "miscarriage" might sound as if something was amiss in the carrying of the pregnancy, but this is rarely true. Many miscarriages happen because the unborn baby does not develop properly.

Types of Miscarriage

There are several types of miscarriages, including:

1. Complete Miscarriage: This is the most common type of miscarriage, where the entire pregnancy is lost.
2. Incomplete Miscarriage: This type of miscarriage occurs when some fetal tissue remains in the uterus after the loss.
3. Missed Miscarriage: This type of miscarriage occurs when the pregnancy has stopped growing, but the body has not expelled the fetus.

Causes of Miscarriage

The exact cause of miscarriage is often unknown, but several factors may contribute to its occurrence. These factors include:

1. Genetic Abnormalities: Chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus can increase the risk of miscarriage.
2. Uterine Problems: Abnormalities in the shape or structure of the uterus can increase the risk of miscarriage.
3. Hormonal Imbalances: Hormonal imbalances during pregnancy can increase the risk of miscarriage.
4. Infections: Certain infections, such as rubella or toxoplasmosis, can increase the risk of miscarriage.

Risk Factors of Miscarriage

Several risk factors may increase the likelihood of miscarriage. These risk factors include:

1. Age: Women over 35 years old may be at higher risk of miscarriage due to declining fertility and increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities.
2. Family History: A family history of miscarriage or other reproductive health issues may increase the risk of miscarriage.
3. Smoking: Smoking during pregnancy can increase the risk of miscarriage.
4. Previous Miscarriage: Women who have had a previous miscarriage may be at higher risk of experiencing another miscarriage.

Symptoms of Miscarriage

Preventions of Miscarriage

Preventing miscarriage involves taking steps to reduce the risk factors mentioned earlier. These steps include:

1. Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by eating well, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking can reduce the risk of miscarriage.
2. Getting Regular Prenatal Care: Getting regular prenatal care from a healthcare provider can help identify any potential issues early on.
3. Staying Hydrated: Staying hydrated during pregnancy can help reduce the risk of miscarriage.
4. Managing Stress: Managing stress during pregnancy can also help reduce the risk of miscarriage.

Diagnosis of Miscarriage

Diagnosing a miscarriage typically involves a physical examination and ultrasound testing to confirm the presence of fetal tissue in the uterus.

Treatment for Miscarriage

Treatment and management options for miscarriage depend on the severity of the loss and the individual's overall health. Options may include:

1. Medical Management: Medical management involves administering medications to help the uterus expel the fetal tissue.
2. Surgical Management: Surgical management involves performing a surgical procedure to remove the fetal tissue.
3. Methotrexate: Methotrexate is a medication that can be used to treat ectopic pregnancies.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience any symptoms of miscarriage, such as vaginal bleeding or cramping, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the risk of complications.