Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Overview

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common heart valve disorder that affects the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium and left ventricle. In MVP, the mitral valve leaflets become floppy and bulge backward into the left atrium during the heart’s contraction. This condition can sometimes lead to mitral valve regurgitation, where blood leaks backward across the valve.

Types of Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

There are two main types of MVP:

1. Classic MVP: Characterized by excessive tissue in the mitral valve leaflets.
2. Nonclassic MVP: Associated with less severe leaflet abnormalities.

Causes of Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

The exact cause of MVP is not always clear, but several factors contribute:

• Genetics: MVP tends to run in families.
• Connective Tissue Disorders: Conditions like Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome increase the risk.
• Myxomatous Degeneration: Abnormal thickening of the valve leaflets.

Risk Factors of Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Common risk factors for MVP include:

• Family History: If a close relative has MVP, you may be at higher risk.
• Marfan Syndrome: A genetic disorder affecting connective tissues.
• Other Conditions: Graves’ disease, muscular dystrophy, and scoliosis.

Symptoms of Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Preventions of Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

While MVP isn’t always preventable, consider the following:

• Regular Check-ups: Visit your healthcare provider regularly.
• Avoid Strenuous Exercise: High-intensity workouts may exacerbate symptoms.

Diagnosis of Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

To diagnose MVP, your doctor may perform:

• Physical Examination: Listening for heart murmurs.
• Echocardiogram: Ultrasound evaluation of the valve.
• X-ray: To assess heart size.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): Detects changes in heart rhythm.
• MRI: Detailed imaging of the heart.

Treatment for Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Treatment options include:

• Medications:
  • Beta blockers (e.g., Atenolol, Bisoprolol) to prevent arrhythmias.
  • Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin, Heparin) to reduce clot risks.
  • Analgesics (e.g., Ibuprofen) for chest pain.
• Surgical Procedures:
  • Valve Repair: Preserves the valve.
  • Valve Replacement: When repair isn’t possible.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience symptoms or have been diagnosed with MVP, consult your healthcare provider. Seek emergency care if you have sudden or unusual chest pain.