Overview
Mouth cancer, also known as oral cancer, refers to the development of malignant tumors in various parts of the oral cavity. These areas include the lips, gums, and tongue. Early detection and timely intervention are crucial for effective management. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the types, causes, symptoms, prevention, complications, diagnosis, treatment, and when to seek medical attention.
Types of Mouth Cancer
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): The most common type, SCC originates from the thin, flat cells lining the mouth and throat. It often appears as white or red patches.
- Verrucous Carcinoma: A slow-growing variant characterized by wart-like growths.
- Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: Arises from the salivary glands and can occur in the mouth.
- Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Rare but aggressive, it affects the minor salivary glands.
Causes of Mouth Cancer
- Tobacco Use: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes significantly increases the risk.
- Smokeless Tobacco: Chewing tobacco or using snuff.
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Heavy drinking is associated with higher susceptibility.
- Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to sunlight may contribute.
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Certain strains of HPV are linked to oral cancer.
Risk Factors of Mouth Cancer
- Age: Incidence increases with age.
- Gender: Men are more prone to mouth cancer.
- Poor Oral Hygiene: Neglecting dental care.
- Diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables.
- Weakened Immune System: Conditions like HIV/AIDS.
Symptoms of Mouth Cancer
1. Persistent Sores: Sores on the face, mouth, or neck that don’t heal within 2 weeks.
2. Lumps or Bumps: Unexplained growths in the oral cavity.
3. Swelling or Thickening: Changes in tissue texture.
4. Velvety White or Reddish Specks: Abnormal patches.
5. Ear Pain and Hoarseness: Unusual symptoms.
Preventions of Mouth Cancer
- Avoid Tobacco and Alcohol: Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
- Sun Protection: Use lip balm with SPF and avoid excessive sun exposure.
- Regular Dental Check-ups: Early detection is key.
- Balanced Diet: Consume fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Diagnosis of Mouth Cancer
- Physical Examination: Your doctor checks for abnormalities, such as sores or white patches.
- Biopsy: Tissue samples are tested for cancerous changes.
- Endoscopy: A camera examines the throat for signs of spread.
- Imaging Tests: X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and PET scans help determine cancer extent.
Treatment for Mouth Cancer
- Surgery:
- Tumor Removal: Excision of the tumor and surrounding tissue.
- Neck Dissection: Removal of affected lymph nodes.
- Radiation Therapy: High-energy beams target cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy: To stop cancer growth.
- Pain Management: Analgesics like morphine and oxycodone.
When to seek medical attention ?
- If you experience persistent symptoms or notice any changes in your oral cavity, seek medical attention promptly.
