Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)

Overview

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an exaggerated response to excess hormones, typically caused by injectable hormone medications used to stimulate the development of eggs in the ovaries. OHSS is a serious condition that can cause significant discomfort and potentially life-threatening complications.

Types of Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)

There are two main types of OHSS:

1. Mild OHSS: Mild symptoms, including mild abdominal pain, bloating, and nausea.
2. Severe OHSS: Severe symptoms, including severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and difficulty breathing.

Causes of Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)

OHSS is typically caused by injectable hormone medications used to stimulate the development of eggs in the ovaries. These medications include:

1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Used to stimulate the development of multiple follicles in the ovaries.
2. Luteinizing hormone (LH): Used to stimulate the final stages of egg maturation.

Risk Factors of Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)

Women who are at high risk for developing OHSS include:

1. Younger age: Women under 30 years old are more likely to develop OHSS.
2. High-dose medications: Women who receive high doses of FSH or LH medications are more likely to develop OHSS.
3. Multiple follicle development: Women who develop multiple follicles in response to medication are more likely to develop OHSS.
4. Previous history of OHSS: Women who have previously experienced OHSS are more likely to develop it again.

Symptoms of Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)

Preventions of Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent OHSS, there are several steps that women can take to reduce their risk:

1. Monitor medication levels: Monitor medication levels closely to ensure they are not exceeding recommended doses.
2. Use lower doses of medication: Use lower doses of FSH or LH medications if possible.
3. Monitor follicle development: Monitor follicle development closely to ensure that multiple follicles are not developing.
4. Avoid over-stimulation: Avoid over-stimulation of the ovaries by stopping medication if necessary.

Diagnosis of Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)

The diagnosis and evaluation of OHSS typically involve:

1. Medical history: A thorough medical history to identify any symptoms or risk factors.
2. Physical examination: A physical examination to assess any abdominal pain or swelling.
3. Imaging tests: Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans to visualize the ovaries and surrounding tissues.
4. Blood tests: Blood tests to measure hormone levels and rule out other conditions.

Treatment for Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)

The treatment and management of OHSS typically involve:

1. Medication: Medication to reduce pain and discomfort.
2. Fluid removal: Fluid removal through paracentesis or diuresis.
3. Hospitalization: Hospitalization may be necessary if symptoms are severe or if there are signs of complications.

When to seek medical attention ?

Women who experience any symptoms related to OHSS should seek medical attention immediately. Additionally, women who are at high risk due to family history or genetic factors should discuss their risk with their doctor and consider regular screening exams.