Pectus excavatum

Overview

Pectus excavatum is a condition in which the breastbone is sunken into the chest, giving the appearance of a deep dent or hollow. This condition is also known as funnel chest. In severe cases, the sunken breastbone can be so deep that it appears as if the center of the chest has been scooped out.

Types of Pectus excavatum

There are several types of pectus excavatum, including:

1. Mild: A mild case of pectus excavatum is characterized by a small depression in the breastbone that is not severe enough to affect the function of the heart and lungs.
2. Moderate: A moderate case of pectus excavatum is characterized by a larger depression in the breastbone that can cause some impairment in the function of the heart and lungs.
3. Severe: A severe case of pectus excavatum is characterized by a very deep depression in the breastbone that can cause significant impairment in the function of the heart and lungs.

Causes of Pectus excavatum

The exact cause of pectus excavatum is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to its development, including:

1. Genetic Predisposition: Pectus excavatum tends to run in families and may be influenced by genetic factors.
2. Hormonal Imbalance: Hormonal imbalances during fetal development may contribute to the development of pectus excavatum.
3. Chromosomal Abnormalities: Chromosomal abnormalities such as Turner syndrome may increase the risk of developing pectus excavatum.

Risk Factors of Pectus excavatum

Several risk factors have been identified for developing pectus excavatum, including:

1. Family History: Having a family history of pectus excavatum increases the risk of developing the condition.
2. Sex: Pectus excavatum is more common in boys than in girls.
3. Age: Pectus excavatum typically becomes more severe during the adolescent growth spurt.

Symptoms of Pectus excavatum

Preventions of Pectus excavatum

Prevention is key in managing pectus excavatum. While there is no cure for this condition, surgery can correct the deformity and improve symptoms. The following strategies can help prevent complications associated with pectus excavatum:

1. Early Diagnosis: Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications associated with pectus excavatum.
2. Surgery: Surgery can correct the deformity and improve symptoms.

Diagnosis of Pectus excavatum

Diagnosing pectus excavatum typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests. The following are common diagnostic tests used for pectus excavatum:

1. Physical Examination: A physical examination is performed to assess the severity of the deformity and identify any signs of respiratory distress.
2. Chest X-Ray: A chest X-ray is performed to assess the size and shape of the lungs.
3. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan is performed to assess the severity of the deformity and identify any signs of compression or constriction.

Treatment for Pectus excavatum

Treatment for pectus excavatum typically involves surgery to correct the deformity and improve symptoms. The following are common treatment options for pectus excavation:

1. Surgery: Surgery is typically performed to correct the deformity and improve symptoms.
2. Cardiac Catheterization: Cardiac catheterization may be performed to assess blood flow through the heart.
3. Pulmonary Function Tests: Pulmonary function tests may be performed to assess lung function.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you suspect that you or your child has developed pectus excavatum, it is essential to see a doctor for further evaluation and treatment. If you experience any symptoms such as difficulty breathing or fatigue, seek immediate medical attention.