Overview
Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue around teeth. It is a common condition that can usually be prevented by practicing good oral hygiene and visiting a dentist regularly. Without treatment, periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and other serious health problems.
Types of Periodontitis
There are several types of periodontitis, including:
- Chronic Periodontitis: A mild and gradual form of periodontitis that can cause slow and progressive damage to the gums.
- Aggressive Periodontitis: A more severe and rapid form of periodontitis that can cause rapid destruction of the gums and bone.
- Periodontitis Caused by Systemic Diseases: A type of periodontitis that is caused by systemic diseases such as diabetes or heart disease.
Causes of Periodontitis
The main causes of periodontitis are:
- Poor Oral Hygiene: Not brushing and flossing regularly can lead to the buildup of plaque and tartar, which can cause periodontitis.
- Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontitis, as it can reduce blood flow to the gums and make them more susceptible to infection.
- Genetics: Some people may be more prone to periodontitis due to their genetic makeup.
- Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes during pregnancy or menopause can increase the risk of periodontitis.
Risk Factors of Periodontitis
People who are at a higher risk of developing periodontitis include:
- Smokers: Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontitis.
- People with Poor Oral Hygiene: Not brushing and flossing regularly can increase the risk of developing periodontitis.
- People with Diabetes: Diabetes can increase the risk of developing periodontitis.
- People with Heart Disease: Heart disease can increase the risk of developing periodontitis.
Symptoms of Periodontitis
The symptoms of periodontitis can include:1. Redness and Swelling: Redness and swelling of the gums.
2. Pain: Pain in the gums or teeth.
3. Bad Breath: Persistent bad breath.
4. Loose Teeth: Teeth that become loose or fall out.
5. Receding Gums: Gums that recede or pull away from the teeth.
Preventions of Periodontitis
To prevent periodontitis, you should:
- Brush at Least Twice a Day: Brushing at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste can help remove plaque and tartar.
- Floss Daily: Flossing daily can help remove plaque and tartar from between the teeth.
- Get Regular Dental Checkups: Getting regular dental checkups can help detect periodontitis early on and prevent it from becoming more severe.
Diagnosis of Periodontitis
A dentist will diagnose periodontitis by:
- Visual Examination: A visual examination of the gums and teeth to look for signs of infection.
- Periodontal Probe: A periodontal probe is used to measure the depth of the pockets between the teeth and gums.
- Radiographs: Radiographs (x-rays) may be used to visualize the bone and teeth.
Treatment for Periodontitis
Treatment for periodontitis typically involves:
- Scaling and Root Planing: Scaling and root planing are procedures that remove plaque and tartar from the teeth and gums.
- Antibiotics: Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat bacterial infections.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged tissues.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you are experiencing symptoms of periodontitis, it is essential to see a doctor for proper evaluation and treatment.
