Pet allergy

Overview

Pet allergy is a common allergic reaction to proteins found in an animal's skin cells, saliva, and urine. The allergy is triggered by exposure to the dead flakes of skin (dander) that animals shed. Any animal with fur can be a source of pet allergy, but cats and dogs are most commonly associated with pet allergies.

Types of Pet allergy

Pet allergy can be categorized into two types:

1. Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction: This type of reaction occurs within minutes to hours after exposure to the allergen and can cause symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.
2. Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction: This type of reaction occurs within hours to days after exposure to the allergen and can cause symptoms such as skin rashes and hives.

Causes of Pet allergy

Pet allergy is caused by exposure to the proteins found in animal skin cells, saliva, and urine. These proteins are released into the air as particles known as dander, which can become airborne and be inhaled.

Risk Factors of Pet allergy

The following risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing a pet allergy:

1. Genetic Predisposition: A family history of allergies may increase the risk of developing a pet allergy.
2. Exposure to Animals: Exposure to animals at a young age may increase the risk of developing a pet allergy.
3. Age: Children are more likely to develop a pet allergy than adults.
4. Environmental Factors: Exposure to environmental factors such as dust mites, mold, and pollen may also increase the risk of developing a pet allergy.

Symptoms of Pet allergy

Preventions of Pet allergy

The following steps can help prevent pet allergy:

1. Keep Animals Out of the Home: If you are allergic to pets, it is best to keep them out of your home.
2. Use HEPA Filters: High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters can help remove allergens from the air.
3. Bathe Pets Regularly: Bathing pets regularly can help reduce the amount of dander they release into the air.
4. Keep Your Home Clean: Keeping your home clean and dust-free can help reduce the amount of allergens present.

Diagnosis of Pet allergy

Diagnosis and evaluation of pet allergy typically involve:

1. Physical Examination: A physical examination is conducted to assess any symptoms or signs of allergic reaction.
2. Medical History: A medical history is taken to assess any previous allergies or allergic reactions.
3. Skin Testing: Skin testing may be conducted to assess sensitivity to specific allergens.
4. Blood Tests: Blood tests may be conducted to assess levels of IgE antibodies.

Treatment for Pet allergy

Treatment and management of pet allergy typically involve:

1. Medications: Medications such as antihistamines and corticosteroids may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms.
2. Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy may be prescribed to desensitize individuals to specific allergens.
3. Avoidance Measures: Avoidance measures such as keeping animals out of the home or using HEPA filters may be recommended.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience any symptoms of pet allergy or suspect that you have a pet allergy, it is essential to see a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.