Polymyositis (PM)

Overview

Polymyositis (PM) is an uncommon inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of the body. It is a chronic condition that can significantly impact daily life, making it difficult to perform everyday activities such as climbing stairs, rising from a seated position, lifting objects, or reaching overhead. While there is no cure for PM, treatment can improve muscle strength and function, allowing individuals to regain their independence.

Types of Polymyositis (PM)

There are several subtypes of polymyositis, including:

1. Idiopathic polymyositis: This is the most common form of PM, accounting for approximately 80% of cases. The exact cause of idiopathic polymyositis is unknown.
2. Infectious polymyositis: This type of PM is caused by an infection, such as viral or bacterial, which triggers an inflammatory response in the muscles.
3. Cancer-associated polymyositis: This type of PM is associated with certain types of cancer, such as lung or breast cancer.
4. Autoimmune polymyositis: This type of PM is caused by an autoimmune response, where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy muscle tissue.

Causes of Polymyositis (PM)

The exact cause of polymyositis is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response. In some cases, PM may be triggered by an infection or exposure to certain medications.

Risk Factors of Polymyositis (PM)

The following risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing polymyositis:

1. Age: PM most commonly affects adults in their 30s, 40s, or 50s.
2. Sex: Women are more likely to be affected than men.
3. Family history: A family history of PM may increase the risk of developing the condition.
4. Other medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders or rheumatoid arthritis, may increase the risk of developing PM.

Symptoms of Polymyositis (PM)

Preventions of Polymyositis (PM)

There is no known way to prevent polymyositis, but early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.

Diagnosis of Polymyositis (PM)

The diagnosis of polymyositis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The following tests may be used to diagnose PM:

1. Physical examination: A physical examination will be performed to assess muscle strength and range of motion.
2. Laboratory tests: Laboratory tests may be used to rule out other conditions that may be causing symptoms. These tests may include:
   • Complete blood count (CBC)
   • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
   • C-reactive protein (CRP)
   • Rheumatoid factor (RF)
   • Anti-citrullinated protein antibody (anti-CCP).

Treatment for Polymyositis (PM)

The treatment and management of polymyositis typically involve a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. The following medications may be used to treat PM:

1. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids are commonly used to treat PM due to their anti-inflammatory effects.
2. Immunosuppressive medications: Immunosuppressive medications may be used to reduce the immune response that is causing inflammation in the muscles.
3. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve muscle strength and function.

Lifestyle changes that may help manage symptoms include:

1. Rest: Resting and avoiding strenuous activities can help reduce symptoms.
2. Exercise: Gentle exercise, such as yoga or stretching, may help improve flexibility and reduce symptoms.
3. Heat or cold therapy: Applying heat or cold therapy to affected areas may help reduce pain and stiffness.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience any of the following symptoms, you should seek medical attention:

1. Severe muscle weakness: Severe muscle weakness that interferes with daily activities.
2. Muscle pain: Muscle pain that persists despite rest and relaxation.
3. Fatigue: Fatigue that persists despite rest and relaxation.
4. Swollen joints: Swollen joints that persist despite rest and relaxation.