Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Overview

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of physical and emotional symptoms that occur in many women during the days leading up to their menstrual period. It's estimated that as many as 3 out of every 4 menstruating women experience some form of PMS, making it a common condition that affects millions of women worldwide. Despite its prevalence, PMS can have a significant impact on daily life, affecting relationships, work, and overall well-being.

Types of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

There are several types of PMS, including:

1. Primary PMS: Characterized by physical and emotional symptoms that are not severe enough to interfere with daily activities.
2. Secondary PMS: Characterized by physical and emotional symptoms that are severe enough to interfere with daily activities.
3. Late Luteal Phase Dysphoric Disorder (LLPDD): A more severe form of PMS that is characterized by symptoms that are severe enough to interfere with daily activities and can be debilitating.

Causes of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

The exact causes of PMS are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to hormonal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle. The main culprits are thought to be:

1. Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels: The sudden drop in estrogen and progesterone levels during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle can trigger a range of physical and emotional symptoms.
2. Serotonin levels: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood, appetite, and sleep. Fluctuations in serotonin levels can contribute to symptoms such as mood swings, irritability, and depression.
3. Other hormonal changes: Other hormonal changes, such as an increase in prolactin and cortisol levels, may also contribute to the development of PMS.

Risk Factors of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

While anyone can experience PMS, certain factors can increase the risk of developing the condition, including:

1. Age: Women who are under 20 years old are more likely to experience PMS.
2. Family history: Women with a family history of PMS are more likely to experience the condition.
3. Hormonal imbalances: Women who have hormonal imbalances or irregular periods are more likely to experience PMS.
4. Stress and anxiety: Women who experience high levels of stress and anxiety are more likely to experience PMS.

Symptoms of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Preventions of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

While it is not possible to completely prevent PMS, there are several strategies that can help reduce or manage symptoms, including:

1. Keeping a symptom journal: Tracking symptoms and moods can help identify patterns and triggers.
2. Exercise regularly: Regular exercise can help reduce symptoms of PMS.
3. Stress management techniques: Techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, and yoga can help reduce stress and anxiety.
4. Healthy eating habits: Eating a balanced diet that is rich in whole foods, fruits, and vegetables can help reduce symptoms.

Diagnosis of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Diagnosis of PMS typically involves a combination of:

1. Medical history: A thorough medical history to assess symptoms and patterns.
2. Physical examination: A physical examination to rule out other underlying conditions.
3. Laboratory tests: Laboratory tests may be ordered to rule out other underlying conditions.

Treatment for Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Treatment for PMS typically involves a combination of:

1. Medications: Medications such as antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, and hormonal therapies may be prescribed.
2. Lifestyle adjustments: Lifestyle adjustments such as regular exercise, stress management techniques, and healthy eating habits may be recommended.
3. Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or other forms of therapy may be recommended to help manage symptoms.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you are experiencing symptoms of PMS, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider.