Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)

Overview

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the liver and bile ducts. It is characterized by ongoing inflammation in the liver, which can lead to bile duct inflammation and damage, known as cholangitis. If left untreated, PBC can progress to permanent scarring of liver tissue, known as cirrhosis, and eventually lead to liver failure.

Types of Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)

There are two types of primary biliary cholangitis:

1. Classical PBC: This is the most common form of PBC, characterized by the presence of antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) in the blood.
2. Incomplete PBC: This type of PBC is characterized by the absence of AMAs in the blood.

Causes of Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)

The exact cause of primary biliary cholangitis is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the bile ducts and liver tissue.

Risk Factors of Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)

1. Age: PBC is more common in women over the age of 40.
2. Family History: Having a family history of PBC or other autoimmune diseases may increase the risk of developing PBC.
3. Genetic Predisposition: Certain genetic factors may increase the risk of developing PBC.
4. Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins or medications may trigger an autoimmune response.

Symptoms of Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)

Preventions of Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)

There is no surefire way to prevent primary biliary cholangitis, but maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding certain environmental toxins may help reduce the risk.

Diagnosis of Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)

Diagnosing primary biliary cholangitis typically involves a combination of laboratory tests, imaging studies, and physical examination.

Treatment for Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)

Treatment for primary biliary cholangitis typically involves:

1. Medications: Immunosuppressive medications to reduce inflammation and slow disease progression.
2. Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA): A medication that helps reduce inflammation and slow disease progression.
3. Lifestyle Changes: Maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding certain environmental toxins.
4. Liver Transplantation: In severe cases of PBC, liver transplantation may be necessary.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience any symptoms suggestive of primary biliary cholangitis, such as fatigue, itching, abdominal pain, or jaundice, seek medical attention promptly.