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Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

Diseases and Conditions Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
Overview Types Causes & Risk Factors Symptoms Preventions Treatment
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)-image

Overview

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation, scarring, and narrowing of the bile ducts. These ducts carry bile from the liver to the small intestine. Over time, the narrowing and scarring lead to serious liver damage.

Types of Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

  1. Intrahepatic PSC: Affects the bile ducts within the liver.
  2. Extrahepatic PSC: Involves the bile ducts outside the liver.

Causes of Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

The exact cause of PSC remains unknown, but several factors contribute to its development:

  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): PSC is strongly associated with IBD, particularly ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.
  • Gender: Men are at a higher risk of developing PSC.
  • Genetic Predisposition: Certain genetic factors may play a role.

Risk Factors of Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

Risk factors for PSC include:

  • Smoking: Smokers have an increased risk.
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Patients with IBD are more susceptible.
  • Gender: Men are at higher risk than women.
  • Genetics: Family history may contribute to susceptibility.

Symptoms of Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

The Symptoms of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) are :
1. Fatigue: PSC can cause persistent tiredness and lack of energy.
2. Intense Itching (Pruritus): Bile buildup due to narrowed ducts leads to severe itching, especially on the palms and soles.
3. Abdominal Pain (Upper Right Quadrant): Discomfort or pain in the upper right side of the abdomen.
4. Jaundice (Yellowing of Skin and Eyes): Accumulation of bilirubin causes yellowing of the skin and eyes.
5. Enlarged Spleen and Liver: Swelling of these organs due to impaired bile flow.
6. Night Sweats and Chills: Unexplained sweating and chills.
7. Malabsorption of Fat (Steatorrhea): Poor absorption of dietary fats, leading to oily, foul-smelling stools.
8. Unexplained Weight Loss: PSC can cause unintended weight loss.

Preventions of Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

While there’s no specific prevention for PSC, managing underlying conditions (such as IBD) and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help.

Diagnosis of Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

PSC is diagnosed through imaging tests (MRI of bile ducts) and liver function tests. Liver biopsy may be performed to assess liver damage. Evaluation includes ruling out other liver diseases and assessing the extent of damage.

Treatment for Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)

  • Liver Transplant: The ultimate cure for PSC.
  • Symptom Management: Medications like antibiotics, bile acid sequestrants, and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).
  • Balloon Dilation: Opens blocked bile ducts.
  • Self-Care: Avoid alcohol, exercise, and maintain a healthy weight.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience any symptoms or suspect PSC, seek medical attention promptly.