Reactive arthritis

Overview

Reactive arthritis is a condition that causes joint pain and swelling in response to an infection in another part of the body. This condition is also known as Reiter's syndrome. It is not a common condition and usually affects the knees, ankles, and feet. Inflammation can also affect the eyes, skin, and the tube that carries urine out of the body (urethra).

Types of Reactive arthritis

There are two main types of reactive arthritis:

1. Reactive arthritis caused by an intestinal infection: This type of reactive arthritis is caused by an infection in the intestines, such as salmonella or Campylobacter jejuni.
2. Reactive arthritis caused by a genital or urinary tract infection: This type of reactive arthritis is caused by an infection in the genitals or urinary tract, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea.

Causes of Reactive arthritis

The exact cause of reactive arthritis is not known, but it is believed to be triggered by an infection in another part of the body. The immune system responds to the infection by producing chemicals that cause inflammation in the joints.

Risk Factors of Reactive arthritis

The following risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing reactive arthritis:

1. Age: Reactive arthritis is more common in people between 20 and 40 years old.
2. Sex: Reactive arthritis is more common in men than women.
3. Genetics: People with a family history of reactive arthritis may be more likely to develop the condition.
4. Infections: People who have had an infection in another part of the body may be more likely to develop reactive arthritis.

Symptoms of Reactive arthritis

Preventions of Reactive arthritis

Prevention is key to managing reactive arthritis. The following measures can help prevent or reduce the severity of symptoms:

1. Practicing good hygiene: Practicing good hygiene can help prevent infections that may trigger reactive arthritis.
2. Getting vaccinated: Getting vaccinated against certain infections such as salmonella or Campylobacter jejuni can help prevent reactive arthritis.
3. Managing stress: Managing stress through relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga can help reduce the risk of developing reactive arthritis.

Diagnosis of Reactive arthritis

Diagnosing reactive arthritis typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as:

1. Physical examination: A physical examination may be used to assess for symptoms such as joint pain and swelling.
2. Medical history: A medical history may be used to assess for symptoms such as fever and fatigue.
3. Laboratory tests: Laboratory tests such as blood tests or imaging tests may be used to rule out other conditions.

Treatment for Reactive arthritis

Treatment for reactive arthritis typically involves managing symptoms and reducing the risk of complications. The following measures may be used:

1. Medications: Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation and pain.
2. Physical therapy: Physical therapy may be used to improve joint mobility and reduce stiffness.
3. Lifestyle changes: Lifestyle changes such as losing weight or quitting smoking may be recommended to reduce stress on the joints.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience any symptoms of reactive arthritis, it is essential to see a doctor promptly. Delaying treatment can lead to complications and make management more challenging.