Rectal cancer

Overview

Rectal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the rectum, the last several inches of the large intestine. It is a type of colorectal cancer, which also includes cancer in the colon. Rectal cancer is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, prevention strategies, and treatment options for rectal cancer.

Types of Rectal cancer

Rectal cancer can be classified into several types based on the location and characteristics of the tumor. The most common types of rectal cancer include:

1. Adenocarcinoma: This type accounts for about 95% of all rectal cancers. It is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the lining of the rectum.
2. Squamous cell carcinoma: This type accounts for about 5% of all rectal cancers. It is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the lining of the rectum.
3. Adenocarcinoma with lymph node involvement: This type is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the lymph nodes near the rectum.

Causes of Rectal cancer

The exact cause of rectal cancer is not known, but several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing the condition. These risk factors include:

1. Family history: A family history of colon or rectal cancer can increase the risk of developing rectal cancer.
2. Genetic mutations: Certain genetic mutations such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) can increase the risk of developing rectal cancer.
3. Diet: A diet high in processed meats and low in fiber can increase the risk of developing rectal cancer.
4. Smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of developing rectal cancer.
5. Obesity: Obesity can increase the risk of developing rectal cancer.

Risk Factors of Rectal cancer

The following risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing rectal cancer:

1. Age: The risk of developing rectal cancer increases with age.
2. Sex: Men are more likely to develop rectal cancer than women.
3. Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups such as African Americans and Hispanics are more likely to develop rectal cancer than other ethnic groups.
4. Previous history of colon or rectal polyps: Individuals who have had previous colon or rectal polyps are more likely to develop rectal cancer.
5. Family history: Individuals with a family history of colon or rectal cancer are more likely to develop rectal cancer.

Symptoms of Rectal cancer

Preventions of Rectal cancer

Prevention is key to managing rectal cancer. The following measures can help reduce the risk of developing rectal cancer:

1. Dietary changes: Eating a diet high in fiber and low in processed meats can reduce the risk of developing rectal cancer.
2. Exercise: Regular exercise can reduce the risk of developing rectal cancer.
3. Maintaining a healthy weight: Maintaining a healthy weight through a combination of diet and exercise can reduce the risk of developing rectal cancer.
4. Smoking cessation: Quitting smoking can reduce the risk of developing rectal cancer.

Diagnosis of Rectal cancer

Diagnosing rectal cancer typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as:

1. Physical examination: A physical examination may be used to assess for symptoms such as bleeding or pain.
2. Medical history: A medical history may be used to assess for risk factors such as family history or previous colon or rectal polyps.
3. Laboratory tests: Laboratory tests such as stool tests or blood tests may be used to rule out other conditions.

Treatment for Rectal cancer

Treatment for rectal cancer typically involves surgery to remove the tumor and any affected tissue. The following measures may be used:

1. Surgery: Surgery is typically performed to remove the tumor and any affected tissue.
2. Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy may be used in combination with surgery to kill any remaining tumor cells.
3. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy may be used in combination with surgery and radiation therapy to kill any remaining tumor cells.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you are experiencing symptoms such as bleeding or pain, it is essential to see a doctor promptly. Delaying treatment can lead to complications and affect outcome.