Scoliosis

Overview

Scoliosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. While the spine typically has a gentle S-shaped curve when viewed from the side, scoliosis causes it to deviate to the right or left. Here are some key points about scoliosis:

Types of Scoliosis

1. Congenital Scoliosis:

   • Rare condition resulting from spinal abnormalities during fetal development.
   • May involve partial formation or absence of certain spinal bones.
   • Can lead to sideways curvature and additional curves in the opposite direction (myopathic scoliosis).

2. Early Onset Scoliosis:

   • Diagnosed before age 9.
   • Often progressive and requires close monitoring.

3. Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS):

   • Most common form.
   • No known cause (idiopathic).
   • Usually detected during adolescence.
   • Curvature greater than 25–30 degrees is significant.

4. Degenerative Scoliosis (De Novo Scoliosis):

   • Age-related curvature due to degeneration of spinal discs and joints.
   • Common in older adults.

5. Neuromuscular Scoliosis:

   • Develops due to underlying conditions (e.g., cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy).
   • Progresses rapidly.

6. Scheuermann’s Kyphosis:

   • Forward rounding of the spine.
   • Affects the middle spine.

7. Thoracic Scoliosis, Lumbar Scoliosis, and Thoracolumbar Scoliosis:

   • Based on the location of the curvature.

Causes of Scoliosis

Cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, birth defects, infections, tumors, genetic disorders, leg length discrepancy, muscle spasms, and inflammation.

Risk Factors of Scoliosis

Family history, gender (more common in girls), and age (usually before puberty).

Symptoms of Scoliosis

Preventions of Scoliosis

• Unfortunately, scoliosis cannot be completely prevented.
• However, early detection and proper management can slow its progression.
• Encourage good posture, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Diagnosis of Scoliosis

• Consult a doctor promptly if you suspect scoliosis.
• Medical history, physical examination, and X-rays are used for assessment.
• Curves greater than 25–30 degrees require attention.

Treatment for Scoliosis

• Bracing: For progressive cases in teenagers.
  • Worn for many months or even years.
  • Helps prevent further curvature.
• Surgery: In severe cases (spinal fusion techniques).
• Self-Care: Regular check-ups, wearing braces as recommended, staying active, and joining support groups.

When to seek medical attention ?

It’s essential to seek medical evaluation if you suspect scoliosis or notice any of the following signs:

1. Visible Curvature: If you observe an abnormal sideways curve in your spine or notice that your shoulders, hips, or waist appear uneven.
2. Back Pain: Persistent back pain, especially if accompanied by other symptoms.
3. Changes in Posture: If you find yourself leaning to one side while standing or notice that one shoulder blade is more prominent than the other.
4. Adolescents: Parents should be vigilant about their children’s posture during growth spurts. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are crucial during this period.