Overview
Skin cancer, characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells, predominantly develops on skin exposed to sunlight. However, it can also occur in areas not typically exposed to the sun.
Types of Skin Cancer
There are three major types of skin cancer:
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Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC):
- Most common type.
- Appears as flesh-colored, pearl-like bumps or pinkish patches.
- Frequently affects fair-skinned individuals.
- Commonly found on the head, neck, and arms.
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC):
- Second most common type.
- Presents as red, firm bumps, scaly patches, or recurrent sores.
- Often occurs on sun-exposed skin (e.g., face, neck, arms, chest, back).
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Melanoma:
- Most serious form of skin cancer.
- Frequently arises from moles or appears suddenly as new dark spots.
- Requires prompt attention due to its potential to spread.
Causes of Skin Cancer
The primary cause of skin cancer is UV radiation exposure.
Risk Factors of Skin Cancer
Risk factors include:
- Lighter Skin Color: Fair-skinned individuals are more susceptible.
- Eye and Hair Color: Blue or green eyes, blond or red hair.
- Moles: Certain types and a high number of moles increase risk.
- Family History: A family history of skin cancer elevates risk.
- Personal History: Previous skin cancer diagnosis.
- Age: Most skin cancers occur after age 50.
Symptoms of Skin Cancer
Recognizing skin cancer symptoms is crucial for early detection:1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): Flesh-colored bumps or pink patches.
Slow growth, but can penetrate nerves and bones if left untreated.
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): Red, firm bumps, scaly patches, or recurrent sores.
May invade deeper layers of skin.
3. Melanoma: Irregular moles or sudden dark spots.
Asymmetry, irregular borders, color variation, and diameter >6 mm.
Preventions of Skin Cancer
- Sun Protection: Limit UV exposure, use sunscreen, wear protective clothing.
- Regular Skin Checks: Self-examine for changes in moles or new spots.
- Avoid Tanning Beds: They emit harmful UV radiation.
Diagnosis of Skin Cancer
- Skin Biopsy: Confirms cancer type.
- Dermatologist Evaluation: Regular check-ups.
- Imaging: For advanced cases.
Treatment for Skin Cancer
- Surgical Removal: Excision, Mohs surgery.
- Radiation Therapy: For specific cases.
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system.
- Chemotherapy: For advanced melanoma.
- Targeted Therapy: Targets specific cancer cells.
When to seek medical attention ?
- Any suspicious skin changes.
- New moles or dark spots.
- Persistent sores or growths.
