Skin cancer

Overview

Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells, most often developing on skin exposed to the sun. However, it can also occur on areas of the skin not typically exposed to sunlight. As the most common type of cancer, skin cancer is a serious health concern that requires early detection and treatment.

Types of Skin cancer

There are three major types of skin cancer:

1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): This is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of all cases. BCC typically develops on areas of the skin with frequent sun exposure, such as the face, ears, and arms.
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): This type of skin cancer is less common than BCC, but more aggressive. SCC can develop on any area of the skin, including areas not exposed to sunlight.
3. Melanoma: This is the most serious and deadliest type of skin cancer, responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Melanoma can develop on any area of the skin, but it is most common on areas with frequent sun exposure.

Causes of Skin cancer

The primary cause of skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations and abnormal growth.

Risk Factors of Skin cancer

Several risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing skin cancer:

1. Age: Skin cancer risk increases with age, with most cases diagnosed in individuals over 50.
2. Sun exposure: Prolonged exposure to sunlight increases the risk of skin cancer, especially in areas with intense UV radiation.
3. Family history: A family history of skin cancer may increase an individual's risk of developing the condition.
4. Fair skin: Individuals with fair skin are more susceptible to developing skin cancer due to their increased sensitivity to UV radiation.
5. Previous exposure to radiation: Previous exposure to radiation therapy or radiation from medical treatments may increase the risk of developing skin cancer.

Symptoms of Skin cancer

Preventions of Skin cancer

Reducing or avoiding exposure to UV radiation can help prevent skin cancer:

1. Use sunscreen: Apply sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 30 or higher and reapply every two hours.
2. Wear protective clothing: Wear clothing that covers your skin, including a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses.
3. Avoid tanning beds: Tanning beds emit UV radiation, which can increase the risk of skin cancer.
4. Check your skin: Regularly check your skin for suspicious changes and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns.

Diagnosis of Skin cancer

Diagnosing skin cancer typically involves a physical examination and biopsy:

1. Physical examination: A healthcare provider will perform a physical examination to evaluate any suspicious changes in the skin.
2. Biopsy: A biopsy involves removing a sample of tissue from the affected area for further examination.

Treatment for Skin cancer

Treatment options for skin cancer depend on the type and location of the tumor:

1. Surgical excision: Surgical excision involves removing the affected area and surrounding tissue.
2. Cryotherapy: Cryotherapy involves freezing the affected area using liquid nitrogen.
3. Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy involves using high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells.
4. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves using medications to destroy cancer cells.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you are concerned about any changes in your skin or have any symptoms related to skin cancer, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider.