Spinal Cord Tumor

Overview

A spinal tumor is a growth that develops within the spinal canal or within the bones of the spine. Spinal cord tumors, also known as intradural tumors, are a type of spinal tumor that begins within the spinal cord or the covering of the spinal cord (dura). Vertebral tumors, on the other hand, affect the bones of the spine (vertebrae). Spinal cord tumors can be classified into three main types based on their location relative to the protective membranes of the spinal cord.

Types of Spinal Cord Tumor

The three main types of intradural tumors are:

1. Intramedullary tumors: These tumors begin in the cells within the spinal cord itself, such as gliomas, astrocytomas, or ependymomas.
2. Extramedullary tumors: These tumors grow in either the membrane surrounding the spinal cord or the nerve roots that reach out from the spinal cord. Examples of extramedullary tumors that can affect the spinal cord include meningiomas, neurofibromas, schwannomas, and nerve sheath tumors.
3. Metastatic tumors: Tumors from other parts of the body can spread (metastasize) to the vertebrae, the supporting network around the spinal cord, or in rare cases, the spinal cord itself.

Causes of Spinal Cord Tumor

The exact cause of spinal cord tumors is often unknown, but several factors may contribute to their development. These factors include:

1. Genetic mutations: Certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of developing certain types of spinal cord tumors.
2. Family history: Having a family history of spinal cord tumors or other types of cancer may increase an individual's risk of developing a spinal cord tumor.
3. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as radiation or chemicals, may increase the risk of developing a spinal cord tumor.

Risk Factors of Spinal Cord Tumor

The following are some risk factors that may increase an individual's risk of developing a spinal cord tumor:

1. Age: The risk of developing a spinal cord tumor increases with age.
2. Family history: Having a family history of spinal cord tumors or other types of cancer may increase an individual's risk of developing a spinal cord tumor.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain genetic mutations can increase the risk of developing certain types of spinal cord tumors.
4. Previous radiation therapy: Individuals who have received radiation therapy for another condition may be at increased risk of developing a spinal cord tumor.

Symptoms of Spinal Cord Tumor

Preventions of Spinal Cord Tumor

While there is no surefire way to prevent spinal cord tumors, there are some steps that can be taken to reduce the risk:

1. Maintaining good health: Maintaining good overall health through regular exercise and a balanced diet can reduce the risk of developing certain conditions that may increase the risk of developing a spinal cord tumor.
2. Avoiding radiation exposure: Avoiding exposure to radiation and other environmental factors that may increase the risk of developing a spinal cord tumor.

Diagnosis of Spinal Cord Tumor

The diagnosis and evaluation of spinal cord tumors typically involve a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests. The following are some common diagnostic tests used for spinal cord tumors:

1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI is used to visualize the spine and identify any abnormalities in the spinal cord or surrounding structures.
2. Computed Tomography (CT) scan: CT scans are used to visualize the spine and identify any fractures or damage to surrounding structures.
3. Electromyography (EMG): EMG is used to evaluate muscle function and identify any damage to nerve fibers.

Treatment for Spinal Cord Tumor

The treatment and management of spinal cord tumors typically involve a combination of medical interventions, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and other medications. The following are some common treatment options for spinal cord tumors:

1. Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue and relieve compression on the spinal cord.
2. Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy may be necessary to kill cancer cells that cannot be removed surgically.
3. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy may be necessary to kill cancer cells that have spread throughout the body.
4. Medications: Medications may be prescribed to manage pain, spasticity, and other symptoms.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you are experiencing symptoms that may be related to a spinal cord tumor, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly. Delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to serious complications.