Squamous cell carcinoma

Overview

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is a type of cancer that starts as a growth of cells on the skin. It is a common and treatable form of skin cancer that affects millions of people worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma is a slow-growing cancer that can develop in the skin cells called squamous cells, which make up the middle and outer layers of the skin.

Types of Squamous cell carcinoma

There are several types of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, including:

1. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: This is the most common type of squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for about 95% of all cases.
2. Mucosal squamous cell carcinoma: This type of squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the mucous membranes, such as the mouth, throat, and genitals.
3. Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma: This type of squamous cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of the disease.

Causes of Squamous cell carcinoma

The main cause of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is too much ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV radiation can come from:

1. Sunlight: Prolonged exposure to sunlight, especially during peak hours between 10am and 4pm, can increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma.
2. Tanning beds or lamps: Using tanning beds or lamps to get a tan can also increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma.
3. Genetic predisposition: Having a family history of skin cancer or certain genetic conditions can increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma.
4. Weakened immune system: People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or taking immunosuppressive medications, are more susceptible to developing squamous cell carcinoma.

Risk Factors of Squamous cell carcinoma

Certain risk factors can increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, including:

1. Age: The risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma increases with age, especially after 50 years old.
2. Fair skin: People with fair skin are more susceptible to developing squamous cell carcinoma due to their increased sensitivity to UV radiation.
3. History of sun exposure: People who have a history of prolonged sun exposure are more likely to develop squamous cell carcinoma.
4. Weakened immune system: People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to developing squamous cell carcinoma.

Symptoms of Squamous cell carcinoma

Preventions of Squamous cell carcinoma

Preventing squamous cell carcinoma of the skin involves taking steps to reduce exposure to UV radiation, including:

1. Wearing protective clothing: Wearing protective clothing such as hats, long-sleeved shirts, and pants when going outside.
2. Applying sunscreen: Applying sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 30 or higher to exposed areas before going outside.
3. Avoiding tanning beds or lamps: Avoiding tanning beds or lamps to reduce exposure to UV radiation.
4. Wearing sunglasses: Wearing sunglasses that provide 100% UV protection to reduce exposure to UV radiation.

Diagnosis of Squamous cell carcinoma

Diagnosing squamous cell carcinoma of the skin typically involves a physical examination and medical imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans.

Treatment for Squamous cell carcinoma

Treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the skin depends on the size and location of the tumor, but may include:

1. Surgical removal: Surgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue.
2. Cryotherapy: Freezing the tumor using liquid nitrogen.
3. Radiation therapy: Using high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells.
4. Chemotherapy: Using medications to kill cancer cells.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you notice any changes in your skin or have concerns about your skin health, it is essential to see a doctor for evaluation and treatment.