Overview
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is a common type of cancer that originates from squamous cells. These cells are found in the outermost layer of the skin. SCC typically begins as a growth or lesion on the skin and can vary in appearance. It is essential to understand the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options for this malignancy.
Types of Squamous Cell carcinoma of the Skin
- Cutaneous SCC (cSCC): The most prevalent form, cSCC arises from the epidermis and can occur anywhere on the body. It often presents as a scaly, red, or elevated lesion.
- Actinic Keratosis (AK): Considered a precursor to cSCC, AK appears as rough, dry patches on sun-exposed skin.
Causes of Squamous Cell carcinoma of the Skin
- UV Radiation: Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds is a significant risk factor.
- Immunosuppression: Individuals with weakened immune systems (e.g., organ transplant recipients, HIV/AIDS patients) are more susceptible.
- Chronic Inflammation: Conditions like chronic wounds, burns, or inflammatory skin diseases increase the risk.
Risk Factors of Squamous Cell carcinoma of the Skin
- Sun Exposure: Prolonged sun exposure, especially during peak hours, contributes to SCC development.
- Fair Skin: Light-skinned individuals are at higher risk due to reduced melanin protection.
- Age: SCC incidence increases with age.
- Male Gender: Men are more prone to SCC.
- Previous Skin Cancer: A history of basal cell carcinoma or AK raises the risk.
Symptoms of Squamous Cell carcinoma of the Skin
1. Persistent Skin Lesion: A non-healing sore, lump, or ulcer on the skin.
2. Changes in Existing Lesions: Growth, bleeding, or altered appearance of a pre-existing spot.
3. Pain or Itching: Discomfort or itching in the affected area.
Preventions of Squamous Cell carcinoma of the Skin
- Sun Protection: Use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and avoid tanning beds.
- Regular Skin Checks: Self-examine your skin and seek professional evaluation.
- Avoid Smoking: Smoking may increase SCC risk.
Diagnosis of Squamous Cell carcinoma of the Skin
- Clinical Examination: A dermatologist assesses the lesion’s appearance.
- Biopsy: Tissue sample analysis confirms SCC.
- Imaging: CT scans or PET scans evaluate tumor extent.
- Staging: Determines disease severity.
Treatment for Squamous Cell carcinoma of the Skin
- Surgical Excision: Removal of the tumor with clear margins.
- Mohs Surgery: Precise removal layer by layer.
- Radiation Therapy: For inoperable or advanced cases.
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune response.
- Chemotherapy: Used in metastatic SCC.
When to seek medical attention ?
- Any Suspicious Skin Changes: Seek medical attention promptly.
- Persistent Lesions: If a sore or growth doesn’t heal within weeks.
