Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)

Overview

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare and serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes that affects approximately 1-2 people per million per year. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention and hospitalization. SJS is characterized by a severe reaction to medication, typically antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or anticonvulsants, which leads to a painful rash, blistering, and peeling of the skin. The symptoms of SJS can be devastating, and the condition can have long-term consequences.

Types of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)

There are two main types of SJS:

1. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS): This is the most severe form of the condition, characterized by a widespread rash, blistering, and peeling of the skin.
2. Erythema multiforme (EM): This is a milder form of the condition, characterized by a rash with characteristic "target" or "bull's-eye" lesions.

Causes of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)

The exact cause of SJS is unknown, but it is believed to be an allergic reaction to certain medications. The most common culprits are:

1. Antibiotics: Such as sulfonamides, penicillins, and cephalosporins.
2. Anti-inflammatory drugs: Such as ibuprofen and naproxen.
3. Anticonvulsants: Such as phenytoin and carbamazepine.

Risk Factors of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)

Certain individuals may be more susceptible to developing SJS, including:

1. Age: Children and young adults are more likely to develop SJS.
2. Medication history: People who have taken certain medications in the past may be more likely to develop SJS.
3. Genetic predisposition: Some people may be more susceptible to developing SJS due to their genetic makeup.
4. Underlying medical conditions: People with certain underlying medical conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, may be more susceptible to developing SJS.

Symptoms of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)

Preventions of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)

Preventing SJS involves avoiding certain medications and taking steps to minimize the risk of developing an allergic reaction. Some strategies include:

1. Avoiding certain medications: Avoiding medications that are known to cause SJS.
2. Taking medication slowly: Taking medication slowly and monitoring for signs of an allergic reaction.
3. Monitoring for symptoms: Monitoring for signs of an allergic reaction, such as a rash or blistering.

Diagnosis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)

Diagnosing SJS involves a physical examination and medical imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans.

Treatment for Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)

Treatment for SJS typically involves:

1. Removing the offending medication: Removing the medication that caused the reaction.
2. Caring for wounds: Caring for wounds and promoting healing.
3. Controlling pain: Controlling pain with medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
4. Minimizing complications: Minimizing complications by preventing infection and promoting healing.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you suspect you have developed SJS or have been exposed to a medication that may cause an allergic reaction, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately.