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Stomach cancer

Diseases and Conditions Stomach cancer
Overview Types Causes & Risk Factors Symptoms Preventions Treatment
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Overview

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a malignancy that originates from the inner lining of the stomach. This disease can be insidious, often remaining asymptomatic in its early stages. However, as it progresses, it can cause significant health challenges. In this comprehensive article, we delve into the various aspects of stomach cancer, from its types and causes to symptoms, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management.

Types of Stomach cancer

Stomach cancer can manifest in different ways, depending on its location within the stomach. Here are the primary types:

  1. Adenocarcinoma: This is the most common type, accounting for approximately 95% of stomach cancers. It originates in the glandular cells of the stomach lining.

  2. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs): These rare tumors develop from specialized cells called interstitial cells of Cajal. They can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach.

  3. Lymphomas: Although less frequent, lymphomas can affect the stomach. These cancers arise from lymphatic tissue.

  4. Carcinoid Tumors: These slow-growing tumors can occur in the stomach and produce hormones.

Causes of Stomach cancer

Understanding the risk factors and potential causes of stomach cancer is crucial for prevention. Here are some key factors:

Genetic Changes: Stomach cancer often results from genetic alterations in stomach cells, leading to uncontrolled cell division.

Risk Factors of Stomach cancer

  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux can damage the stomach lining.
  • Family History: A family history of stomach cancer increases the risk.
  • Smoking: Tobacco use is strongly associated with stomach cancer.
  • Obesity: Excess body weight contributes to the risk.
  • Dietary Factors: Consuming smoked, salted, or pickled foods may play a role.
  • Helicobacter pylori Infection: This bacterium is linked to stomach inflammation and cancer.
  • Alcohol Abuse: Excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor.

Symptoms of Stomach cancer

Recognizing the signs of stomach cancer is essential for early detection. Common symptoms include:
1. Loss of Appetite
2. Trouble Swallowing
3. Fatigue or Weakness
4. Nausea and vomiting
5. Unexplained Weight Loss
6. Heartburn and Indigestion
7. Black Stool or Vomiting Blood
8. Feeling Bloated After Eating
9. Stomach Pain (often above the belly button)

Preventions of Stomach cancer

To reduce the risk of stomach cancer, consider the following preventive measures:

  • Healthy Lifestyle Choices:
    • Regular exercise
    • Balanced diet with fruits and vegetables
    • Avoiding smoked and salty foods
    • Quitting smoking
    • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Treating Stomach Infections: Address Helicobacter pylori infections promptly.
  • Limiting Aspirin and NSAID Use: Overuse of these medications may increase risk.

Diagnosis of Stomach cancer

Medical professionals use several tests to diagnose stomach cancer:

  • Blood Tests
  • Endoscopy
  • Barium Swallow
  • Biopsy
  • Laparoscopy

Treatment for Stomach cancer

Treatment options depend on the cancer’s stage, severity, and overall health of the patient:

  • Chemotherapy
  • Radiation Therapy
  • Surgery (Esophagectomy, Endoscopic Mucosal Resection, Subtotal Gastrectomy, Total Gastrectomy)
  • Immunotherapy

When to seek medical attention ?

If you experience persistent symptoms or suspect stomach cancer, seek medical evaluation promptly.