Synovial sarcoma

Overview

Synovial sarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that typically occurs near large joints, particularly the knees. It is a soft tissue sarcoma that affects the synovial tissue, which is the lining of the joints. Synovial sarcoma usually affects young adults, and it is more common in men than women.

Types of Synovial sarcoma

There are two main types of synovial sarcoma:

1. Classic Synovial Sarcoma: This type accounts for about 80% of all cases. It is characterized by the presence of a specific gene fusion, which leads to the formation of an abnormal protein.
2. Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma: This type accounts for about 10% of all cases. It is characterized by the presence of a single cell type, which can make diagnosis more challenging.

Causes of Synovial sarcoma

The exact cause of synovial sarcoma is not known, but it is believed to be related to genetic mutations that occur during childhood or adolescence. The abnormal gene fusion leads to the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells, which can form a tumor.

Risk Factors of Synovial sarcoma

The following risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing synovial sarcoma:

1. Family History: Having a family history of synovial sarcoma or other types of cancer may increase the risk.
2. Genetic Mutations: Certain genetic mutations, such as those found in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, may increase the risk.
3. Radiation Exposure: Exposure to radiation therapy, particularly in childhood, may increase the risk.

Symptoms of Synovial sarcoma

Preventions of Synovial sarcoma

There is no known way to prevent synovial sarcoma, but early detection and treatment can improve outcomes.

Complications

If left untreated, synovial sarcoma can lead to complications such as:

1. Metastasis: The cancer can spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs or liver.
2. Amputation: In severe cases, the cancer may require amputation of the affected limb.
3. Reduced Quality of Life: Synovial sarcoma can significantly impact a person's quality of life due to pain, limited mobility, and other symptoms.

Diagnosis of Synovial sarcoma

Diagnosing synovial sarcoma typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests, and biopsy.

Treatment for Synovial sarcoma

Treatment for synovial sarcoma typically involves surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The choice of treatment depends on the stage and location of the cancer.

When to seek medical attention ?

You should see a doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms:

1. Unexplained Swelling or Lump: If you experience swelling or a lump under the skin that does not go away.
2. Pain or Discomfort: If you experience persistent pain or discomfort in a joint.
3. Limited Mobility: If you experience limited mobility or stiffness in a joint.