Syringomyelia

Overview

Syringomyelia is a rare condition characterized by the development of a fluid-filled cyst within the spinal cord. The cyst, also known as a syrinx, can grow larger over time and cause damage to the spinal cord, leading to pain, weakness, and stiffness.

Types of Syringomyelia

There are several types of syringomyelia, including:

1. Primary Syringomyelia: The cyst develops within the spinal cord without an underlying cause.
2. Secondary Syringomyelia: The cyst develops as a result of an underlying condition, such as a spinal cord tumor or injury.

Causes of Syringomyelia

Syringomyelia can occur due to various reasons, including:

1. Chiari Malformation: A condition in which brain tissue pushes into the spinal canal, causing compression and damage to the spinal cord.
2. Spinal Cord Tumors: Tumors that grow within the spinal cord can cause compression and damage to the surrounding tissue.
3. Spinal Cord Injuries: Trauma or injury to the spinal cord can cause damage to the surrounding tissue and lead to the development of a syrinx.
4. Spinal Cord Damage: Damage to the spinal cord due to swelling or inflammation around the cord can also cause syringomyelia.

Risk Factors of Syringomyelia

The following factors may increase the risk of developing syringomyelia:

1. Family History: Having a family history of syringomyelia or other conditions that affect the spine.
2. Genetic Disorders: Certain genetic disorders, such as Marfan syndrome or neurofibromatosis, can increase the risk of developing syringomyelia.
3. Trauma: A history of trauma or injury to the spine can increase the risk of developing syringomyelia.

Symptoms of Syringomyelia

Preventions of Syringomyelia

There is no known way to prevent syringomyelia. However, early detection and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent further damage.

Diagnosis of Syringomyelia

Diagnosing syringomyelia typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as:

1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI scans can help visualize the cyst within the spinal cord.
2. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: CT scans can help identify any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the development of syringomyelia.

Treatment for Syringomyelia

Treatment for syringomyelia typically involves a combination of surgical and non-surgical interventions, including:

1. Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to remove any underlying conditions that are contributing to the development of syringomyelia.
2. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can help improve mobility and strength in affected individuals.
3. Medications: Medications may be prescribed to manage pain and symptoms.

When to seek medical attention ?

You should see a doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• Pain or weakness in the neck, back, or arms and legs
• Stiffness or numbness in the arms and legs
• Muscle wasting or weakness
• Difficulty walking or balance.