Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

Overview

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of conditions that occur when there is pressure on the blood vessels or nerves in the area between the neck and shoulder. This space is known as the thoracic outlet. Compression of the blood vessels and nerves can cause shoulder and neck pain, numbness in the fingers, and other symptoms.

Types of Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

There are several types of thoracic outlet syndrome, including:

• Neurogenic TOS: This type of TOS is caused by compression of the nerves that pass through the thoracic outlet.
• Vascular TOS: This type of TOS is caused by compression of the blood vessels that pass through the thoracic outlet.
• Mixed TOS: This type of TOS is caused by compression of both nerves and blood vessels.

Causes of Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

The causes of thoracic outlet syndrome include:

• Trauma: Trauma from a car accident or other injury can cause compression of the blood vessels or nerves.
• Repetitive injuries: Repetitive injuries from a job or sport can cause compression of the blood vessels or nerves.
• Pregnancy: Pregnancy can cause compression of the blood vessels or nerves.
• Differences in anatomy: Having an extra or irregular rib can cause compression of the blood vessels or nerves.
• Other medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as scoliosis or a cervical spine condition, can cause compression of the blood vessels or nerves.

Risk Factors of Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

The following factors can increase the risk of developing thoracic outlet syndrome:

• Age: The risk of developing thoracic outlet syndrome increases with age.
• Gender: Women are more likely to develop thoracic outlet syndrome than men.
• Occupation: Certain occupations, such as those that involve repetitive motions or heavy lifting, can increase the risk of developing thoracic outlet syndrome.
• Family history: Having a family history of thoracic outlet syndrome can increase the risk of developing it.

Symptoms of Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

Preventions of Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

There is no known way to prevent thoracic outlet syndrome, but there are several ways to reduce the risk of developing it. These include:

• Maintaining good posture: Maintaining good posture can reduce the risk of developing thoracic outlet syndrome.
• Taking regular breaks: Taking regular breaks to rest and stretch can reduce the risk of developing thoracic outlet syndrome.
• Avoiding repetitive motions: Avoiding repetitive motions or heavy lifting can reduce the risk of developing thoracic outlet syndrome.

Diagnosis of Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

Diagnosing thoracic outlet syndrome typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as:

• Physical examination: A physical examination may be performed to assess for signs of nerve or blood vessel compression.
• Medical history: A medical history may be taken to assess for any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the symptoms.
• Laboratory tests: Laboratory tests such as electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) may be performed to assess for nerve damage.

Treatment for Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

Treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome typically involves a combination of physical therapy and pain relief. In some cases, surgery may be recommended.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you are experiencing symptoms that may be related to thoracic outlet syndrome, it is essential to seek medical attention. Delaying treatment can lead to chronic pain and other complications.