Overview
Trachoma is a bacterial infection that affects the eyes, causing inflammation, scarring, and potentially leading to blindness. It is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and is contagious, spreading through contact with infected people or contaminated items. Trachoma is a significant public health problem, particularly in developing countries where it is the leading cause of preventable blindness.
Types of Trachoma
Trachoma is a type of conjunctivitis, which is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye. There are two main forms of trachoma: active and inactive.
- Active trachoma: This is the most common form of trachoma, characterized by symptoms such as redness, swelling, and discharge from the eyes.
- Inactive trachoma: This form of trachoma is characterized by scarring and chronic inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Causes of Trachoma
Trachoma is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which is highly contagious and can be spread through:
- Contact with infected people or contaminated items
- Handling infected items, such as handkerchiefs
- Poor hygiene and sanitation practices
- Inadequate treatment of infected individuals.
Risk Factors of Trachoma
The following factors increase the risk of developing trachoma:
- Living in areas where trachoma is common
- Poor hygiene and sanitation practices
- Inadequate treatment of infected individuals
- Family history of trachoma
- Age (children under 5 are most susceptible)
- Poor nutrition and health status.
Symptoms of Trachoma
The symptoms of trachoma can vary depending on the severity of the infection and whether it is active or inactive. Common symptoms include:Preventions of Trachoma
Preventing trachoma involves practicing good hygiene and sanitation practices, including:
- Washing hands regularly, especially after using the bathroom or before handling food.
- Avoiding sharing personal items, such as towels or handkerchiefs.
- Practicing proper hygiene when handling contaminated items.
- Encouraging proper hygiene and sanitation practices in communities where trachoma is prevalent.
Complications
Untreated trachoma can lead to complications such as:
- Blindness or reduced vision due to scarring and inflammation of the conjunctiva.
- Chronic inflammation and pain in the eyes and eyelids.
- Increased risk of eye infections and other complications.
Diagnosis of Trachoma
Diagnosing trachoma typically involves a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. A healthcare provider may perform the following tests to diagnose trachoma:
- Slit-lamp examination: A specialized microscope that examines the eyes and eyelids
- Conjunctival scraping: A test that involves scraping cells from the conjunctiva to examine for signs of infection
- Blood tests: Blood tests may be used to detect antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis.
Treatment for Trachoma
Treatment for trachoma typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove scar tissue or correct vision problems. Preventing trachoma requires a combination of individual and community-level interventions, including:
- Providing antibiotics to infected individuals.
- Improving access to clean water and sanitation facilities.
- Encouraging proper hygiene practices in communities where trachoma is prevalent.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you suspect that you have developed trachoma or are experiencing symptoms such as redness, swelling, or discharge from your eyes, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly. Delaying treatment can lead to complications and potentially even blindness.
