Transverse myelitis

Overview

Transverse myelitis is a rare and complex neurological disorder that affects the spinal cord, causing inflammation and damage to the insulating material covering nerve cell fibers (myelin). This inflammation can interrupt the messages that the spinal cord nerves send throughout the body, leading to a range of symptoms including pain, muscle weakness, paralysis, sensory problems, and bladder and bowel dysfunction.

Types of Transverse myelitis

There are several types of transverse myelitis, including:

• Acute transverse myelitis: A sudden and severe onset of symptoms.
• Subacute transverse myelitis: A gradual onset of symptoms over several weeks.
• Recurrent transverse myelitis: Repeated episodes of symptoms over time.

Causes of Transverse myelitis

The causes of transverse myelitis are varied and can include:

• Infections: Such as viral or bacterial infections that trigger an immune response.
• Immune system disorders: Such as autoimmune disorders that attack the body's tissues.
• Other myelin disorders: Such as multiple sclerosis.
• Other conditions: Such as a stroke of the spinal cord.

Risk Factors of Transverse myelitis

The risk factors for developing transverse myelitis are not well understood, but it may be more common in people who have:

• A family history of autoimmune disorders.
• A history of infections or immune system disorders.
• A history of multiple sclerosis.

Symptoms of Transverse myelitis

Preventions of Transverse myelitis

There is currently no known way to prevent transverse myelitis, but it may be possible to reduce the risk by managing underlying risk factors such as infection and immune system disorders.

Complications

Transverse myelitis can lead to complications such as:

• Permanent disability or paralysis.
• Bladder and bowel dysfunction.
• Chronic pain or numbness.

Diagnosis of Transverse myelitis

Diagnosing transverse myelitis typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. A healthcare provider may perform the following tests to diagnose transverse myelitis:

• Neurological examination: A comprehensive examination of the nervous system.
• Imaging studies: Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans may be used to rule out other conditions.
• Blood tests: Blood tests may be used to detect signs of inflammation or infection.

Treatment for Transverse myelitis

Treatment for transverse myelitis typically involves a combination of medications and rehabilitative therapy. Medications may include:

• Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation and swelling.
• Immunomodulators: To suppress the immune system and prevent further damage.
• Pain management medications: To manage chronic pain.

Rehabilitative therapy may include:

• Physical therapy: To improve mobility and strength.
• Occupational therapy: To improve daily functioning and independence.
• Speech therapy: To improve communication skills.

When to seek medical attention ?

If you are experiencing symptoms of transverse myelitis, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly. Delaying treatment can lead to further damage and complications.