Overview
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the body's ability to regulate and use sugar (glucose) as a fuel is impaired. This results in high blood sugar levels, which can lead to disorders of the circulatory, nervous, and immune systems.
Types of Type 2 diabetes
There are two primary types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that occurs when the body's immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is a condition that occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin and the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin.
Causes of Type 2 diabetes
The exact cause of type 2 diabetes is unknown, but it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. These factors may include:
- Family history of type 2 diabetes
- Genetic predisposition
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Age
- Ethnicity.
Risk Factors of Type 2 diabetes
The following factors may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes:
- Family history of type 2 diabetes
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Age
- Ethnicity
- History of gestational diabetes.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Symptoms of Type 2 diabetes
The symptoms of type 2 diabetes can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the individual's overall health. Common symptoms include:Preventions of Type 2 diabetes
There is currently no known way to prevent type 2 diabetes. However, lifestyle modifications such as losing weight, eating well, and exercising regularly can help prevent or delay the onset of the condition.
Complications: If left untreated or poorly managed, type 2 diabetes can lead to complications such as:
- High blood sugar levels
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Nephropathy (kidney damage)
- Neuropathy (nerve damage)
- Retinopathy (eye damage)
- Cardiovascular disease.
Diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes
Diagnosing type 2 diabetes typically involves a combination of:
- Medical history and physical examination
- Blood tests to measure blood sugar levels and insulin levels
- Urine tests to check for ketones
- Oral glucose tolerance test to assess glucose tolerance.
Treatment for Type 2 diabetes
Treatment for type 2 diabetes involves managing blood sugar levels through lifestyle modifications such as losing weight, eating well, and exercising regularly. If diet and exercise aren't enough to control blood sugar levels, diabetes medications or insulin therapy may be recommended.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you suspect that you or your child may have type 2 diabetes, consult with a doctor immediately.
