Overview
Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a serious infectious disease caused by salmonella bacteria. It is a rare disease in places where few people carry the bacteria and where water is treated to kill germs and human waste disposal is managed. However, it is a significant health threat in places where it is more common, especially for children.
Types of Typhoid fever
There are two types of typhoid fever: typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella Typhi, while paratyphoid fever is caused by Salmonella Paratyphi.
Causes of Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever is caused by salmonella bacteria that are found in contaminated food and water. The bacteria can also be spread through close contact with an infected person.
Risk Factors of Typhoid fever
The following factors may increase the risk of developing typhoid fever:
- Traveling to areas where the disease is common.
- Consuming contaminated food and water.
- Close contact with an infected person.
- Poor sanitation and hygiene.
- Weakened immune system.
Symptoms of Typhoid fever
The symptoms of typhoid fever can include:Preventions of Typhoid fever
Prevention of typhoid fever involves avoiding contaminated food and water and practicing good hygiene. Vaccines against typhoid fever can also provide some protection.
Complications: If left untreated, typhoid fever can lead to complications such as:
- Intestinal perforation
- Septicemia
- Meningitis
- Encephalitis
- Death.
Diagnosis of Typhoid fever
Diagnosing typhoid fever typically involves a combination of:
- Medical history and physical examination
- Blood tests to detect the presence of antibodies against the bacteria
- Stool tests to detect the presence of the bacteria
- Imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans to rule out other conditions
Treatment for Typhoid fever
Treatment for typhoid fever typically involves antibiotics. Early treatment can help prevent complications and reduce the risk of death.
When to seek medical attention ?
If you suspect that you or your child may have typhoid fever, consult with a doctor immediately. Delaying treatment can increase the risk of complications and death.
